It happened on this day, December 13
Events:
1577 – Sir Francis Drake leaves the English port of Plymouth and begins his journey around the world.
1642 – Dutch explorer Abel Tasman arrives in New Zealand.
1920 – The League of Nations announces the creation of the Permanent Court of International Justice to settle international disputes.
1941 – Hungary and Romania declare war on the United States during World War II.
1947 – 12 Palestinians are killed after the “3rd Palmach Battalion” commits a massacre in “the village of Hassas” following a conflict between Arab workers and settlers.
1949 – The Knesset votes to move Israel's capital to Jerusalem.
⭐ Creation of Mossad.
1962 – Creation of the Bank of Algeria to become the central bank of Algeria.
1967 – King Constantine II of Greece attempted to overthrow the army that carried out the so-called de facto coup and seized power in April 1967, but he failed and fled to Italy with his family, which led to the abolition of the monarchy and the transformation into a republic.
1970 – Announcement of the creation of the Republic of Malta, which gained independence in 1964 as an independent kingdom, and a new constitution is issued for it, with the Queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II, continuing on the throne of the Kingdom.
1983 – Foundation of the Progressive Democratic Party in Tunisia.
1988 – Palestinian National Authority President Yasser Arafat delivers a speech to the United Nations General Assembly in Geneva in which he calls for peace for the brave.
1990 – South African President Frédéric Willem de Klerk meets African National Congress President Nelson Mandela.
1996 – Ghanaian diplomat Kofi Annan is elected Secretary-General of the United Nations, succeeding Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who will take office in early 1997.
2001 – Five suicide bombers launch an attack on the Indian Parliament in New Delhi, India, killing at least 14 people.
2002 – The European Union announces its approval of the accession of Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, from January 1, 2004.
2003 – The arrest of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.
2004 – Israel assassinates the commander of the Al-Qassam Brigades in the northern West Bank, the sixth Qassam engineer, Ihsan Shawahna.
2005 – Launch of Yahoo! Answers.
2011 – Moncef Marzouki was sworn in as interim president of Tunisia after being elected by the National Constituent Assembly, after which he tasked Hamadi Jebali with forming the new government.
⭐ Raising the flag of Palestine at UNESCO headquarters in Paris after its acceptance as a full member of the United Nations on October 31, 2011.
⭐ Attack in the Belgian city of Liège where the perpetrator threw hand grenades, then fired randomly with an automatic rifle, then committed suicide. The incident resulted in the death of 4 people and the injury of 123 others.
2013 – North Korean authorities announce the execution of Jang Song Taek, the second-largest man in Korea and cousin of current President Kim Jong Un.
2018 – 9 people were killed and 84 others injured after a high-speed passenger train collided with another near Yeni Mahalla in Turkey's Ankara province.
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Births:
1816 – Ernst Werner von Siemens, German inventor.
1915 – Fadlallah Talhouk, Lebanese politician.
1923 – Götz Schragle, German professor specializing in Arabic language and literature.
1929 – Camellia, Egyptian actress.
1934 – Ihsan Kamal, Egyptian novelist.
1936 – Aga Khan IV, imam of the Ismaili Shiites.
1956 – Majda Al Roumi, Lebanese singer.
1958 – Abdel Nasser Darwish, Palestinian actor.
1973 – Emre Aşık, Turkish footballer.
1982 – Najia Zainal, Bahraini actress.
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Death:
1048 – Abu Al-Rayhan Al-Biruni, Persian mathematician, physicist and astronomer.
1250 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1754 – Sultan Mahmud I, the twenty-fourth Ottoman sultan.
(1945-Johanna Bormann, a fierce Nazi guard who worked in concentration camps during World War II
** Fritz Klein – a Nazi doctor who practiced the worst types of medicine on concentration camp inmates during World War II.
1953 – Salim Abu Ismail, Lebanese Druze journalist, lawyer and historian.
1965 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Tfayesh, jurist, national activist and prominent figure of the Ibadi sect in Algeria.
1972 – Rashid Al-Saif, Kuwaiti poet and educator.
1978 – Abdo Al-Sarouji, Egyptian actor and singer.
1983 – Bahija Hafez, Egyptian actress, director and writer.
2004 – Ihsan Shawahna, Palestinian mujahid of Hamas and commander of the Al-Qassam brigades in the northern West Bank.
2012 – Abdel Salam Yassin, Moroccan Islamic preacher.
2013 – Jang Song-thaek, second-in-command of North Korea and cousin of President Kim Jong-un.
2016 – Zubaida Tharwat, Egyptian actress.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⏪ Republic Day in Malta.
⏪ Saint Lucy’s Day.
