It happened on this day, January 11
Events:
1693 β The Etna volcano begins to explode and erupt, killing 20,000 people.
β΄οΈ An earthquake in Sicily, Italy kills 60,000 people and is considered one of the most devastating earthquakes in the world.
1759 – The first life insurance company appears in the American city of Philadelphia.
1787 β William Herschel discovers two moons orbiting the planet Uranus, called “Titania” and “Oberon”.
1861 – The state of Alabama leaves the United States as part of the American Civil War.
1867 β Benito Juarez assumes the presidency of Mexico for the second time.
1904 – The British attack the dervish forces of Somali leader Muhammad Abdullah Hassan, nicknamed the Mad Mullah, and inflict heavy casualties among his forces. Germany crushes the revolt of the Herero tribe in German southwest Africa.
1919 – Romania annexes the region of Transylvania after becoming part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
1922 – First successful attempt to treat diabetic patients with insulin.
1923 β French and Belgian forces occupy the Ruhr basin to force Germany to pay its war debts.
1935 – Amelia Earhart flies alone from Hawaii to California, becoming the first woman to do so.
1942 – Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades Dutch India during World War II. Japanese forces control the Malaysian city of Kuala Lumpur.
1944 β A group of Moroccan bourgeoisie and notables submits a document demanding independence from France.
1946 β Enver Hoxha ends the monarchy in Albania and declares the establishment of the People's Republic under his leadership.
1962 – The Huascaran volcano erupts in Peru, killing 4,000 people.
1972 β East Pakistan changes its name to Bangladesh.
1990 β Large march in Lithuania to demand independence from the Soviet Union.
1991 – The U.S. Congress overwhelmingly authorizes President George Bush to use force against Iraq to force it to withdraw from Kuwait after all diplomatic efforts to persuade Iraqi President Saddam Hussein to leave failed peacefully Kuwait, which its forces occupied on August 2, 1990.
1992 β Chadli Bendjedid leaves power and renounces the presidency of Algeria.
β΄οΈ The Supreme Security Council in Algeria cancels the second round of legislative elections after the overwhelming victory won by the Islamic Salvation Front in the first round.
1998 β The Sidi Hamed massacre took place in Algeria, killing more than 100 people.
2001 β The FTC approves the merger of AOL and Time Warner to form AOL Time Warner.
2003 β Illinois Governor George Ryan announces his decision to grant clemency to all those on death row.
2004 – Saudi national football team wins the 16th Gulf Cup championship title hosted in the State of Kuwait.
2005 β Tree fires ravage South Australia's Eyre Peninsula.
2008 – Opening of activities in Damascus, the capital of Arab culture, with a grand celebration held in Umayyad Square, including a fireworks display on Mount Qasioun, considered the largest in history of the country.
2010 – Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir announces that he is relinquishing leadership of the Sudanese army because the law on political parties applied since 2007 stipulates that membership in a political organization and the armed forces cannot be combined, and also in accordance with the electoral law. that he will be able to seek a new mandate in the elections scheduled for April 2010. .
2012 β Mustafa Ahmadi Roshan, an Iranian nuclear scientist and university professor, was assassinated by a bomb attached to his car by motorcyclists in the capital, Tehran.
β΄οΈ France 2 correspondent Gilles Jacquet was killed, along with seven others, when opposition activists targeted a pro-Syrian regime march in the city of Homs, Syria.
2015 – The film Saba wins three Golden Globe Awards at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
β΄οΈ Carry out marches of the Republic throughout France and abroad, in which around 4 million people participated, including around two million in Paris alone, with the participation of nearly 50 world leaders, thus becoming the most great march in the history of the country.
β΄οΈ Kolinda Grabar-KitaroviΔ was elected president of Croatia, becoming the first female president of Croatia.
2016 – Argentina's Lionel Messi wins the 2015 edition of the FIFA Ballon d'Or.
2020 – Haitham bin Tariq Al Said assumes office as the new Sultan of Oman following the death of Sultan Qaboos bin Said.
π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄A
Births:
347 β Emperor Theodosius I, emperor of the Roman Empire.
889 – Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir li-Din Allah, one of the Umayyad caliphs of Andalusia.
1842 – William James, American philosopher and psychologist.
1852 – Constantin Fehrenbach, chancellor of Germany.
1907 – Pierre MendΓ¨s France, Prime Minister of France.
1911 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan.
1914 – Abdel Aziz Mahmoud, Egyptian singer.
1915 – Mr. Badir, Egyptian director, author and actor.
1923 β Nabil El-Desouki, Egyptian actor.
1924 – Roger Guillamin, French doctor who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1977.
1937 – Iskandar Aziz, Syrian actor.
1938 – Saad Al-Faraj, Kuwaiti actor.
1954 – Taher Jaout, Algerian poet, novelist and journalist.
1957 β Brian Robson, English footballer and manager.
1958 – Iman Al-Toukhi, Egyptian actress.
1961 – Laila Al-Salman, Saudi actress.
1963 β Noha Al-Amrousi, Egyptian actress.
1968 – Rania Barghouth, Lebanese journalist.
1972 – Anas Al-Saleh, first Kuwaiti Minister of the Interior from outside the ruling family.
**Amanda Peet, American actress.
1973 β Rockmond Dunbar, American actor.
1981 – Ali Zitouni, Tunisian footballer.
1985 – Muscan Gonul, Turkish actress. Musab Al-Kandari, Kuwaiti footballer.
1986 – Areej Khaddour, Syrian actress.
1989 – Nayef Hazazi, Saudi footballer.
1992 – Dani Carvajal, Spanish footballer.
1993 β Malak Qawra, Egyptian actress.
π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄A
Death:
1239 – Ibn Askar al-Maliki, Muslim scholar and Arab-Andalusian writer.
1882 – Theodor Schwann, German physiologist.
1928 β Thomas Hardy, English writer.
1941 – Emanuel Lasker, German chess player.
1944 β Galeazzo Ciano, Italian politician.
1964 – BΓ©chara El Khoury, President of the Lebanese Republic.
1988 – Isidore Yitzhak Rabi, American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944.
1991 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936.
2001 β Muhammad bin Saleh Al-Othaimeen, Saudi Sheikh.
2008 – Edmund Hillary, New Zealand explorer and first person in the world to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
2010 – Muhammad Abu Samra, Palestinian activist.
2011 – Saladin Al-Husseini, Palestinian poet.
2014 – Ariel Sharon, Israeli Prime Minister.
2016 – Youssef Zaein, former Syrian Prime Minister.
2021 – Ahmed bin Ibrahim Al-Harbi, Saudi poet and short story writer.
2021 – Sheldon Adelson, American businessman.
π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄π΄A
Holidays and Occasions:
β¬ οΈ Anniversary of the presentation of the Declaration of Independence of Morocco.
β¬ οΈ Republic Day in Albania.
