What are the parties that manage the Sudanese question as a third party in favor of Washington? What is its strength and impact? And the expected role of Sudan to fill this void ✍️ D. Abu al -Tayyib Adam Hassan Suleiman
In Washington relations with Sudan, Sudan was often managed as a “folder” more than a direct partner, and this file often worked on third parties or intermediaries.
🔹 Reasons:
1. The lack of political stability in Sudan: the large number of coups, civil wars and the lack of stable institutions that have made Washington to avoid long -term direct traffic.
2. The sensitivity of Sudan is regional: its location between the Horn of Africa and the Arab world and the sources of the Nile have made the Sudanese file linked to other files (Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan of the South, Gulf).
3. American reservation: Washington has often preferred to use regional partners (such as Egypt, Ethiopia or the Gulf States) or by the United Nations and the African Union for Communication Management.
4. Historical experience: The inclusion of Sudan in the list of terrorists (1993-2020) passed most of the Washington channels through intermediaries.
🔹 Current reality:
After the last Geneva meeting between the president of the Transitional Sovereignty Council and the civil servant of the African file to the White House, we can say that Washington began to reduce his dependence on “the agency through third parties”, but he still maintains “pluralism in the communication channels”, which means that it does not depend
What are the “brokers or channels” parties that Washington uses to process the Sudan file? ::
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🗺️ Map of Sudan file management channels in Washington
1. Direct channels
White House / National Security Council → African file.
The US State Department → The Office of the Horn of Africa + the Special Envoy of Sudan.
Congress → via listening sessions and pressure lobbies.
👉 These channels began to open after the last meeting in Geneva.
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2. Indirect – third parties)
Regional:
Egypt → because of its historical and security relationship with Sudan.
Ethiopia, in particular through the African Union and the border file / AL -NAHDA.
South Sudan → as a partner of the peace agreement.
Gulf States (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar) → Finance and political pressure.
International and organizations:
The African Union (AU) → Dialogue platform.
United Nations (formerly Unitams and new international mechanisms).
The European Union → Economic and humanitarian support linked to the American position.
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3. Special / unofficial channels
Sudanese lobbies in Washington (opposition, civil society, businessmen).
NGO (NGO) → Human rights, help.
Research centers (Brookings, CSI, Atlantic Council) → Disciplinary formulation.
A brief analysis which shows the role of each party to the American decision towards Sudan:
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🔵 Direct channels (inside Washington)
1. White House / National Security Council (NSC)
He manages the complete strategic vision.
He deals with Sudan as part of the great power struggle (Russia / China).
Its effect is decisive but slow to transform practical policies.
2. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs
He performs the daily details of the Sudanese file.
Responsible for communication with brokers (United Nations, African Union).
Its weight is strong, but it is affected by the mood of the White House.
3. Congress
Press in human rights and emergency files.
An influential role through penalties and budgets.
Sometimes strict than the management itself.
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Regional canals
4, Egypt
He transmits a vision of security (Borders, Nile, Political Islam).
Washington considers that he is a “necessary mediator” partner in any Sudanese colony.
5. Ethiopia
Associated with the African Union.
The Sudan file is linked to the Renaissance dam and the border conflict.
Its weight has decreased due to its internal crisis.
6. South Sudan
Partner in the 2018 peace agreement.
It represents a human and political channel, but it is limited to Washington.
Sudan must review its strategies to the state of South Sudan
7. Saudi Arabia
Very important financial and political channel.
He coordinated with Washington on the way to Jeddah for Sudanese peace.
Its weight in the file increases with each humanitarian crisis.
Sudan can use it for good depending on the specific arrangements
8. Emirates
He is considered an influential economic / military player inside Sudan.
Washington treats it as an unimaginable part (but it is concerned because of its multiple roles, controlling and employing the neighboring countries of the project in Sudan).
Sudan can gradually dry the sources and sources of their presence in Sudan, according to the strategy
9. Qatar
Its weight is lower than other Gulf countries.
Washington uses it in the rescue and communication file with certain Islamists.
Sudan can use it. For good, according to a specific vision
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International canals
10. The African Union
A “legitimate regional” tool to market any solution.
Washington sees a platform for a dialogue more than a real actor.
11, United Nations
Humanitarian and diplomatic interface.
America takes advantage of the aegis of the United Nations to avoid appearing as a direct intervention.
12. European Union
He focuses on immigration and relief.
The American position follows mainly.
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🟣 Special channels
13. Sudanese lobbies in Washington
Its effect is volatile (according to financing and organization).
He is able to insert direct Sudanese voices for Congress and Management.
14. NGO (NGO)
He focuses on human rights and help.
Strongly press the congress and the media.
15. Think tanks
Washington’s accounts are formulated from Sudan (a failed state, a tribal conflict, a humanitarian crisis).
Its effect is indirect but long.
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> This is what makes the American decision towards slow Sudan and several levels
📊 A comparative calendar showing the strength and influence of each party on the Sudan file in Washington
🔵 The Direct White House / Strategic NSC – very strong security defines the general trend (relations with Russia / China, the Red Sea).
🔵 Direct Ministry of Foreign Affairs diplomacy – daily coordinated all communications between brokers and organizations.
🔵 Congress Legislative Directorate – Strong human rights which put pressure on sanctions and humanitarian aid.
🟢 Regional security of Egypt – Borders – A Fort du Nile considered by Washington as a necessary mediator.
🟢 Ethiopia region Borders – The average weight of the African Union decreased after its internal crisis.
🟢 South Sudan region, mediation – weak peace, is limited, but it is useful as a symbolic channel.
🟢 Saudi Arabia – political -political regionalism is very strong, a major partner on the Jeddah track and human pressure.
🟢 The military regions of the United Arab Emirates of its influence within Sudan are worried about Washington, but it cannot be overcome.
🟢 Qatar Humanitarian Region – Average contacts used by Washington in case of flexibility with certain Islamists.
🟠 International African Union, regional legitimacy, average dialogue platform more than a real player.
🟠 United Nations international humanitarian aid – a strong diplomat who gives Washington international coverage for indirect intervention.
🟠 The international migration of the European Union – Meanwords often follow the American position.
🟣 Special Sudanese lobbies are a low political pressure – average affected by the organization of Sudanese communities and funding.
🟣 Human rights NGOs – a strong relief affecting congress and the media.
🟣 Special research centers for writing stories and stories have long -term effect on policies.
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📌 Conclusion:
The most powerful influence: the White House, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Congress, Saudi Arabia, the Emirates and the United Nations.
Average effect: Egypt, Qatar, African Union, European Union, Research Centers.
The weakest influence: South Sudan, some Sudanese lobbies.
Consequently, Sudan must invest this historic opportunity in understanding joint advantages and bilateral cooperation which serves interest between the two countries, as well as coordination in regional files and the maintenance of security in African and Arabic space.
The Sudanese government must conclude this file in accordance with the strategy, complete, precise and intelligent, taking into account the capacities, capacities and the negotiation mentality of Washington and to take into account the maneuvers, tactics and unexpected surprises (and unpleasant of them and its allies of time to the other during the negotiation period (and unpleasant of them and its allies From the negotiation period of the negotiation period (and unpleasant of them and its time allies to another during the negotiation period of the negotiation period (and unpleasant.
God is the guardian of success
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