Environmental protection under international law and Sudanese law ✍️ Dr. Al -zubair Hamza al -zubayr
Environmental protection under international law and Sudanese law
This is one of the important reality, because the global dimension rides the national framework. We can remedy it as follows:
First: environmental protection under international law
1. International Abactions and Treaties
• There are many international treaties and advertisements dealing with this problem, including the 1972 Stockholm Declaration: it is the first full international document which has recognized that humans have the right to live in a solid environment.
• The Rio 1992 conference (Earth Summit): it has developed the principles of sustainable development and environmental justice among generations.
• The 2015 Paris climate agreement: States’ obligation to oblige states to reduce emissions and reduce global warming.
. 1992 Biodiversity agreement: to protect living organizations and genetic resources.
The Basel Convention 1989: to prevent the transfer of hazardous waste across the border.
2. The basic principles of international environmental law:
• Protection principle: solving environmental problems before they occur.
• The principle of pollutant means obliging the pollutor to bear the cost of damage.
• The reserve principle: take measures despite uncertainty.
• The principle of international cooperation: exchange of information and support between countries.
3. International mechanisms
• United Nations devices: United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).
• International shorts: like the International Court of Justice, which he considered as environmental disputes (the question of the Canadian Paste factory, for example)
Second: environmental protection under Sudanese law
1. The constitutional framework
• The Transitional Constitution of Sudan (2005) stipulated the right to a healthy and clean environment in the context of human rights.
2. Fundamental laws
. Environmental protection law 2001: regulates the protection of natural resources and the control of polluted activities.
• The law on the protection of renewable natural resources 1972: protect forests and pastures.
Public health law: it includes rules for controlling pollution.
Livestock law and agriculture law: texts to protect organic diversity.
3. Competent institutions
• The Supreme Environment and Natural Resources Council: the supreme coordination authority for environmental policies.
General administration for the protection of wildlife.
. Local body belonging to the States.
4.
. Armed conflicts that disrupt environmental control mechanisms.
. Desertification and crawling sand.
Low financing and modern technologies in monitoring pollution.
• Great dependence on natural resources (agriculture, pasture, civil exploitation).
Third: the meeting points between international law and Sudanese law
• Sudan is a party to a certain number of international agreements (such as the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity).
• Sudanese legislation has been affected by the principles of international law, but they face problems of implementation and application.
• Cooperation between Sudan and international organizations is necessary to finance environmental projects and fight climate change
Dr Al -zubair Hamza al -zubair
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
teacher
