It happened on this day, July 5th.

events:

1687 – The British Royal Society of Science publishes the theory of Earth's gravity, arrived at by the English physicist Isaac Newton.

1811 – Venezuela declares independence from Spain, becoming the first South American country to gain independence.

1830 – Governor of Algeria Dey Hussein surrenders the city of Algiers to the French, and French invasion of other coastal cities begins.

1884 – Germany occupies Cameroon.

1940 – The United Kingdom breaks off diplomatic relations with the Vichy government in France during World War II.

1941 – Nazi German forces reach the Dnieper River during World War II.

1943 – The Battle of Kursk begins between the forces of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Red Army. This battle is considered the largest tank battle in history, which continued until July 13, 1943 during World War II.

(1945–Announcement of the liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese during World War II

1950 – The first clashes between North Korean and American forces begin during the Korean War.

✴️ The Israeli Knesset passes the “Right of Return Law,” which stipulates the right of every Jew to immigrate to Israel.

1954 – The British BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletins.

1962 Algeria gains independence from France after a 132-year occupation. Oran Massacre in 1962.

1963 – July 5 protests in Iran.

1970 – A Canadian plane crashes near Toronto International Airport, killing 108 people.

1971 – In the United States, a law is passed reducing the voting age from 21 to 18.

1975 – Cape Verde Islands gain independence from Portugal. Arthur Ashe becomes the first man of African descent to win a tennis title at Wimbledon.

1977 – Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is overthrown by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in a military coup.

1982 – Kidnapping of three Iranian diplomats and an Iranian photographer en route to Beirut during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

1998 – Japan sends an exploratory mission to Mars, becoming the third country interested in space exploration after Russia and the United States.

2004 – The first presidential elections are held in Indonesia.

2009 – Violence breaks out between Uighur Muslims and Han Chinese in the Xinjiang region of western China.

2010 – It is announced that interim Polish President Bronisław Komorowski has won the second round of the presidential election with 53% of the vote.

2014 – Fuel prices start to rise in Egypt and the union denounces them.

2015 – The American women were crowned Women's World Cup champions after defeating their Japanese counterparts in the final match by a score of 5-2.

✴️ Greeks vote against proposals to save country from public debt crisis by 61% in referendum.

2016 – The Juno spacecraft enters Jupiter's orbit to begin a 20-month study of the planet.

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Births:

1029 – Al-Mustansir Billah the Fatimid, Fatimid caliph.

1853 – Cecil Rhodes, British politician.

1857 – Clara Zetkin, German politician.

1885 – Blas Infante, Spanish politician, thinker and writer.

1888 – Herbert Spencer Gasser, American physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1944.

1891 – John Northrup, American chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946.

1911 – Georges Pompidou, President of France.

1912 – Samira Khulusi, Egyptian actress.

1918 – Zakaria Mohieddin, Egyptian soldier and politician.

1925 – Hassan Tahboub, Palestinian imam and politician, and first Minister of Endowments and Religious Affairs of the Palestinian National Authority.

1927 – Abdo Badawi, Egyptian poet.

1928 – Pierre Mauroy, French Prime Minister.

1929 – Chikao Otsuka, Japanese voice actor.

1936 – James Meirlees, Scottish economist who won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1996.

1938 – Sheikh Ragheb Mustafa Ghaloush, one of the famous reciters of the Holy Quran.

1941 – Yahya Al-Alami, Egyptian film director.

1942 – Johannes Lohr, German football player and coach.

1946 – Gerart Hooft, Dutch physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1999.

1963 – Edie Falco, American actress.

1968 – Idris Al Roukh, Moroccan actor and director. Kenji Ito, Japanese composer.

1969 – Jihan Qamri, Lebanese actress.

1973 – Marcus Albæk, Swedish footballer.

1974 – Amoroso, Brazilian footballer.

1975 – Hernan Crespo, Argentinian footballer.

1976 – Nuno Gomez, Portuguese footballer.

1977 – Nicholas Kiefer, German tennis player.

1979 – Stelian Petrov, Bulgarian footballer. Amélie Mauresmo, French racket footballer.

1980 – Eva Green, French actress.

** Dareen Hamza, Lebanese actress.

** David Rosenal, Czech footballer.

1982 – Alberto Gilardino, Italian footballer.

** Tuba Buykston, Turkish actress.

1989 – Dejan Lovren, Croatian footballer.

** Amira Hani, Egyptian actress.

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Death:

1128 – Ibn Dawwas al-Qanna, Iraqi poet.

1338 – Ibn al-Quba', Moroccan-Tunisian jurist, commentator, linguist, physician and poet.

1826 – Thomas Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore.

1833 – Nicéphore Niépce, French physicist.

1911 – George Stoney, Irish physicist.

1927 – Albrecht Kossel, German physician who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1910.

1934 – Ahmed Zaki Pasha, one of the pioneers of the revival of Arab-Islamic heritage in Egypt and nicknamed the Sheikh of Arabism.

1966 – Georg Heveši, Hungarian pharmacist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1943.

1968 – Abdel Salam Al-Nabulsi, Lebanese actor of Palestinian origin.

1969 – Walter Gropius, German architect.

1973 – Yousef Al-Qenaei, one of the pioneers of renaissance in Kuwaiti history.

1994 – Tawfiq Ziyad, Palestinian poet.

2003 – Ibrahim Ali Khuraibet, former member of the Kuwaiti National Assembly.

2010 – Nasr Hamed Abu Zeid, Egyptian thinker.

2012 – Hassan Yacoub Al-Ali, Kuwaiti writer and playwright.

2020 – Ragaa Al-Jeddawi, Egyptian actress.

2021 – Sahar Kamel, Egyptian actress.

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Public holidays and occasions:

⬅️ Independence Day in Algeria.

⬅️ Independence Day in Venezuela.

⬅️ Independence Day in Cape Verde.

⬅️ Constitution Day in Armenia.

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