It happened on this day, September 2nd.
Events:
47 BC – Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt installs her son as co-king under the name Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
31 BC – Roman commander Octavius defeats Marcus Antonius' opponent and his wife, Queen Cleopatra, at the naval Battle of Actium in the Ionian Sea.
421 – Galla Placidia, wife of Emperor Constantius III, becomes a widow for the second time, after the emperor dies from a sudden illness.
1192 – Richard the Lionheart concludes a peace treaty with Saladin Al-Ayyubi, so that the crusaders retain a coastal strip extending from Tyre to Jaffa, and Saladin allows pilgrims and merchants to visit Jerusalem.
1666 – A fire breaks out in London which burns for three days and reduces more than ten thousand houses to ashes.
1752 – Britain officially adopts the Gregorian calendar, nearly two centuries after most of Western Europe had adopted it.
1789 – Creation of the United States Treasury.
1811 – The University of Oslo is established as the Royal Frederick University, in honor of King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway.
1870 – The Battle of Sedan breaks out in the Franco-Prussian War, where Prussian forces capture French Emperor Napoleon III and one hundred thousand of his soldiers.
1885 – One hundred and fifty white miners from the town of Rock Springs, Wyoming, attack their Chinese co-workers, killing 28, wounding 15, and driving hundreds from the town, in what is known as the Rock Springs Massacre.
1898 – Defeat of the Mahdist forces at the Battle of Karari by Anglo-Egyptian forces led by Herbert Kitchener. 1909 – King Edward VII of the United Kingdom ratifies the “Union of South Africa” Act, which regulates political life and elections in South Africa, subject to the British Crown. This Act was based on the system of racial discrimination against the black majority in South Africa, a system that continued until the early 1990s of the 20th century.
1921 – The British government recognizes King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud (founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) as Sultan of the Najd region of the Arabian Peninsula.
1938 – Turkish authorities change the name of the Alexandretta Brigade to the Turkish name Hatay.
1941 – The American Academy of Arts and Sciences registers the Academy Award statuette as a trademark protected by trademark and intellectual property law, after the statue became the most important award in the world of motion pictures.
1944 – Italy concludes a treaty with the rulers of Yemen giving it the right to control the eastern coast of the Red Sea.
(1945–End of World War II
1969 – The first ATM is installed in the United States.
2007 – The Lebanese army announces its full control over the Nahr al-Bared camp and the end of military operations in the camp, after eliminating members of the Fatah al-Islam organization and arresting the rest of its members.
2014 – The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant releases a recording showing the execution of American journalist Steven Sotloff, kidnapped in Aleppo in August 2013.
2015 – Successful launch of the Russian Soyuz TMA-18M rocket with three astronauts on board to the International Space Station.
✴️ The body of Syrian refugee child Aylan Kurdi was found on a Turkish beach, and the image of his body shook the world and shocked public opinion.
2018 – A massive fire destroys the National Museum of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro, causing the loss of more than 20 million objects, collected over more than two hundred years of conservation, according to the museum's website.
2019 – A fire breaks out on a dive boat off Santa Cruz Island in the U.S. state of California, killing at least 34 people and injuring five others.
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Births:
1726 – John Howard, British prison reformer.
1853 – Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909.
1877 – Frederick Soddy, British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921.
1912 – Bill Shankly, Scottish footballer.
1918 – Mahmoud Al-Sharif, Egyptian composer.
1944 – John Theo, Belgian footballer.
1949 – Ali Karim, Syrian actor.
1952 – Jimmy Conners, American tennis player.
1960 – Muhammad Al-Ajaimi, Kuwaiti actor.
1961 – Carlos Valderrama, Colombian footballer.
1964 – Keanu Reeves, Canadian actor.
1966 – Salma Hayek, Mexican actress of Lebanese origin.
1967 – Andreas Müller, German footballer.
1968 – Raghad Saddam Hussein, daughter of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.
** Cynthia Watros, American actress.
1971 – Cesar Sánchez, Spanish footballer.
1977 – Frédéric Kanoute, Malian footballer.
1979 – Yousef Al-Youha, Kuwaiti footballer.
1982 – Joey Barton, English footballer.
1985 – Lubna Kamer, Iraqi actress and singer.
1989 – Alexandre Pato, Brazilian footballer.
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Death:
1865 – William Rowan Hamilton, Irish physicist and mathematician.
1936 – Noman Al-Azami, Iraqi scholar, jurist and preacher.
1962 – Ahmed Allam, Egyptian actor.
1965 – Fouad Jardak, Lebanese poet and journalist.
1967 – Francis Ouimet, American golfer.
1969 – Ho Chi Minh, President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
1973 – John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, British writer.
1990 – Alaa Mohi El-Din, Egyptian politician.
1991 – Alfonso Garcia Robles, Mexican diplomat, Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1982.
1992 – Barbara McClintock, American cytogeneticist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1983.
** Muhammad Baqir Abu Khamsin, Saudi jurist, poet and writer.
2007 – Raja Belmaleh, Moroccan singer.
2016 – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan.
2018 – Kawthar Ramzy, Egyptian actress.
2021 – Maher Selim, Egyptian actor.
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Public holidays and occasions:
⬅️ National Day in Vietnam.
⬅️ Independence Day in Transnistria.
