It happened on this day, September 5th.
Events:
635 – The success of the Muslims, led by Abu Ubaidah bin al-Jarrah and Khalid bin al-Walid, in conquering the city of Damascus, after a severe siege in which the Romans defended the city, but this did not prevent its fall and their request for peace, after the intensification of Khalid's siege, so Abu Ubaidah responded to them for peace.
1113 – The assassination of Seljuk prince Mawdud ibn al-Tuntakin, governor of Mosul, in the courtyard of the Umayyad mosque in Damascus.
1666 – The Great Fire of London subsides, destroying over 10,000 buildings, including St. Paul's Cathedral, and killing only 16 people.
✴️ Tsar Peter I imposed a beard tax on all men except the clergy and peasants in an attempt to imitate the West.
1725 – King Louis XV of France marries Maria Leszczynska, daughter of the King of Poland.
1860 – England, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia agree on the independence of Syria.
1905 The Russo-Japanese War ends with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth.
1909 – American explorer Robert Peary reaches the North Pole.
1925 – King Fuad dismissed Abdel Aziz Fahmi from the Haqqaniya ministry because of Ali Abdel Razek's book, after which Tawfiq Doss and Ali Allouba tendered their resignations in protest.
1939 – The United States declares neutrality in World War II.
1944 – Allied forces liberate the Belgian capital, Brussels.
1950 – The Syrian Constituent Assembly approves the country's new constitution and re-elects Hashim al-Atassi as President of Syria.
1951 – King Talal bin Abdullah bin Al Hussein ascends to the throne of Jordan after his father, King Abdullah, is assassinated in Jerusalem in an operation that his eldest son, Prince Hussein, miraculously survives.
1960 – Muhammad Ali Clay wins the gold medal at the Rome Olympics, and this is the beginning of his international fame, but under his original name at the time, Cassius, and not Muhammad Ali, which he acquired after declaring his conversion to Islam.
1964 – The Alexandria Conference was held at the Montazah Palace in Alexandria, attended by fourteen Arab leaders.
The conference issued a final declaration containing a set of important joint decisions and recommendations.
1972 – Palestinian guerrillas from the Black September organization attack the headquarters of the Israeli delegation participating in the Munich Olympics, killing one Israeli athlete and arresting 13 others, in what is known as the Munich operation.
1973 – Opening of the Fourth Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement in Algeria.
1977 – Launch of the Voyager 1 space probe.
1978 – The Camp David talks begin, continuing until the 17th of the same month and resulting in the signing of two agreements between Egypt and Israel.
1979 – A summit meeting takes place between Egyptian President Mohamed Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in Cairo.
1981 – Egyptian President Mohamed Anwar Sadat made a decision to arrest all political leaders, journalists, clerics and students of all affiliations, positions and ages, numbering 1,530 people. He also ordered the closure of all non-governmental newspapers. The opposition called these decisions the Black September decisions.
1982 – The American spacecraft Challenger returns 6 days after its launch into space.
1987 – Israeli aircraft attack Fedayeen bases near the city of Sidon in Lebanon, killing and wounding 100 people. Iran launches a ground-to-ground missile at Kuwait, causing heavy casualties.
✴️ The trial of young German Matthias Rust, who violated the sanctity of Soviet airspace in a light sports plane and landed on Red Square in the heart of the capital, Moscow, begins.
1988 – An archaeological site dating back to 1500 BC was discovered in London, containing a quantity of plants, insects and bones.
1994 – African leader Nelson Mandela becomes the first black president of the Republic of South Africa.
1997 – An Israeli army landing operation near the town of Ansariya in southern Lebanon was met by Lebanese resistance and the Lebanese army, resulting in the deaths of 12 Israelis.
2001 – 129 football fans are killed in Ghana following a riot at the Accra Sports Stadium.
2003 – The Israel Defense Forces assassinate Muhammad Abd al-Rahim al-Hanbali, a Palestinian military commander and fifth engineer of the al-Qassam Brigades, after a siege and gun battle with him that lasted approximately 14 hours.
2009 – Jacob Zuma is sworn in as President of the Republic of South Africa.
2012 – Explosion of the Afyonkarahisar arsenal in Türkiye.
2013 – Discovery of the Tamu massif, the largest volcano in the world, in the northwest Pacific.
2017 – The Syrian army succeeds in breaking the siege imposed by the Islamic State on the city of Deir ez-Zor for more than three years.
2020 – The Sudanese government declares a state of emergency and declares Sudan a disaster zone, following the death of 101 people and the displacement of more than 100,000 others as a result of floods that swept through the country.
2021 – A military coup in Guinea led by Mamadi Dombwe, dissolving the government of President Alpha Condé and disrupting the work of the constitution.
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Births:
973 – Abu Al-Rayhan Al-Biruni, Muslim scholar of geography, mathematics and pharmacy.
1638 – Louis XIV, King of France.
1806 – Louis Lamorisière, French general.
1847 – Jesse James, American gang leader.
1876 - Abdel Aziz Al-Thaalabi, Tunisian politician.
** Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German soldier.
1909 – Abla bint Taher, Moroccan princess, mother of Hassan II.
1921 – Queen Farida, first wife of King Farouk I and Queen of Egypt between 1938 and 1948
1926 – Prince Mishal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Chairman of the Saudi Allegiance Council.
1927 – Paul Volcker, Chairman of the Federal Reserve.
1938 – Asaad Fadda, Syrian actor.
1939 – George Lazenby, Australian actor.
1942 – Werner Herzog, German film director.
1946 – Freddie Mercury, member of Queen
1949 – Sami Al-Dheeb, Swiss-Palestinian thinker
1951 – Paul Breitner, German footballer.
** Michael Keaton, American actor.
1960 – Abdullah Abdullah, Afghan politician.
1967 – Amr Khaled, Egyptian Islamic preacher.
** Matthias Sammer, German footballer and coach.
1969 – Leonardo Araujo, Brazilian footballer.
1973 – Rose McGowan, American actress.
1975 – George Boateng, Dutch footballer.
1976 – Rola Shamieh, Lebanese actress. Mishary Al-Afasy, Kuwaiti Quran reciter and Islamic singer.
1977 – Josepa Echeberría, Spanish footballer.
1979 – Lamia Tariq, Egyptian actress living in Kuwait.
** John Carew, Norwegian footballer.
1981 – Filippo Volandri, Italian tennis player.
1982 – Alex Jejo, Spanish footballer.
1983 – Pablo Granucci, Uruguayan footballer.
1986 – Naglaa Al-Khamri, Syrian actress.
1988 – Nuri Sahin, Turkish footballer.
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Death:
1113 – Mawdud ibn al-Tuntakin, Seljuk prince and governor of Mosul.
1548 – Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII, King of England.
1566 – Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman sultan.
1848 – Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab al-Jundi, Syrian Muslim jurist, poet and publisher.
1853 – Georges Debing, French writer and historian.
1857 – Auguste Comte, French sociologist and philosopher.
1906 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist and philosopher.
1910 – Julian Edwards, English musician.
1924 – Taher bin Omar Sonbol, Hejazi physician.
1931 – Tawfiq Arslan, Lebanese politician and administrator.
1948 – Douglas Gilfillan, South African lawyer and botanist.
1974 – Abdel Hamid Shoman, Jordanian businessman.
1979 – Hosni Zaid Al-Kilani, Jordanian poet.
1983 – Salman Fares Jaber, Lebanese journalist, teacher and poet.
1993 – Muhammad Al-Kharafi, Kuwaiti economist and politician.
** Claude Renoir, French filmmaker.
1997 – Mother Teresa, Indian nun of Albanian origin who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
2003 – Muhammad Abd al-Rahim al-Hanbali, Palestinian military commander of the Al-Qassam Brigades.
2013 – Rochus Misch is one of the last two people alive to have worked for German leader Adolf Hitler.
2015 – Chandra Bahadur Dangi, the world's shortest person.
2018 – Makda Moura, Syrian actress.
2020 – Youssef Waly, one of the leaders of the National Democratic Party and Egyptian Minister of Agriculture.
** Muhammad Haitham Al-Khayyat, Syrian physician and lexicographer.
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Public holidays and occasions:
⬅️ Teachers Day in India.
⬅️ Feast of Saint Mother Teresa.
