It happened on this day, September 20th.
Events:
1187 – Saladin al-Ayyubi begins the siege of Jerusalem.
1519 – Explorer Fernando Magellan arrives in the town of Shaluka with 270 of his men on his voyage around the world.
1637 – Signing of a treaty between the Sultan of Morocco, Muhammad al-Sheikh al-Saghir, and Charles I, King of England.
1792 – The trial of King Louis XVI of France for high treason begins.
✴️ The Battle of Valmy was fought between French forces and European coalition forces during the French Revolution.
1870 – Italian forces enter the capital, Rome.
1932 – Mahatma Gandhi goes on hunger strike in 'Boma Jail' to protest against the electoral law drafted by the British government that prevents the poor class from participating in elections.
1944 – Capture of the Waal Bridge during Operation Market Garden in World War II.
1946 – Opening of the first session of the Cannes Film Festival, postponed due to World War II. The opening is scheduled for September 1-20, 1939.
1959 – The execution of Abdel Wahab Al-Shawaf and Rifaat Al-Hajj Sirri and their companions after their failed attempt to overthrow Abdel Karim Qasim, known as the Al-Shawaf Revolution.
1979 – The rule of the Central African Empire is abolished and the name Central African Republic is restored.
1984 – A car bomb driven by a suicide bomber explodes in the U.S. Embassy building in Beirut, killing 24 people.
✴️ Egyptian soldiers opened fire on an Israeli yacht that had infiltrated south of Ras Muhammad in the Red Sea.
1991 – The French approve the Maastricht Treaty by referendum, which paves the way for European unity.
2001 – U.S. President George W. Bush declares war on terrorism in a speech to Congress.
2004 – The number of articles on Wikipedia reaches one million articles in the encyclopedia's 100 languages.
2006 NASA launches a stereo probe to take measurements of the Sun.
2008 – South Africa's ruling African National Congress party accuses President Thabo Mbeki of political interference in the judiciary's handling of Jacob Zuma's corruption case and calls on him to resign, which the president accepts.
2010 – The Battle of Al-Houta takes place between the Yemeni army and the popular committees against Al-Qaeda.
2011 – Former Afghan President and Chairman of the Supreme Peace Council Burhanuddin Rabbani is assassinated in a suicide bombing targeting his home in the Afghan capital, Kabul.
2018 – At least 224 people were killed when the Tanzanian ferry MV Nyere sank in Lake Victoria.
2019 – A global climate strike takes place in 150 countries, as part of the Fridays for Future protests.
2020 – Revelation of Vincennes documents belonging to the US Treasury Department, related to the monitoring of suspicious financial transactions around the world, valued at two billion US dollars.
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Births:
835 – Prince Ahmed bin Tulun, founder of the Tulunid state in Egypt and the Levant.
1486 – Arthur, Prince of Wales, Crown Prince of England.
1771 – Mungo Park, Scottish explorer.
1872 – Walter Edward Scott, American explorer.
1833 – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian journalist and peace activist who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1907.
1842 – James Dewar, Scottish chemist and physicist.
1845 – Joseph von Karabasque, Austrian orientalist.
1853 – Chulalon Korn, King of Thailand.
1872 – Maurice Gamelin, chief of staff of the French armed forces during World War II.
1878 – Upton Sinclair, American novelist, writer, journalist and political activist.
1909 – Gholam Ali Raadi Azarakhshi, Iranian poet, jurist and academic.
1917 – Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, Egyptian military man and politician.
1918 – Georg Moss, German historian.
1934 – Sophia Loren, Italian actress.
1940 – Taro Aso, Prime Minister of Japan. Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan.
1944 – Magdy Wahba, Egyptian actress.
1956 – Gary Cole, American actor.
1958 – Ghassan Massoud, Syrian actor.
1967 – Christine Johnston, American actress.
1971 – Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer.
1976 – Yui Horeh, Japanese actress.
1979 – Shane Davies, English footballer.
1980 – Mehrzade Marashi, German singer.
1981 – Feliciano Lopez, Spanish tennis player.
1985 – Ronald Zubar, French footballer.
1991 – Mohamed Omar, Egyptian journalist
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Death:
1887 – Ahmed Fares Al-Shidyaq, Lebanese journalist and writer.
1941 – Mikhail Kirponos, Ukrainian-Soviet military commander.
1953 – Ismail Al Yassin, Iraqi poet.
1957 – Jean Sibelius, Finnish musician.
1971 – Giorgios Seferis, Greek poet who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1963.
1975 – Saint-John Perse, French poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize for Literature in 1960.
1996 – Paul Erdös, Hungarian mathematician.
1999 – Tahia Karioka, Egyptian belly dancer and actress.
2004 – Brian Clough, English footballer and manager.
2011 – Mahmoud Saima, Jordanian actor. Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan.
2018 – Mohamed Karim El Amrani, former Prime Minister of Morocco.
2018 – Fadel Barwari, Iraqi military commander.
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Public holidays and occasions:
⬅️ Independence Day in South Ossetia.
