It happened on this day, October 31
Events:
1517 – Martin Luther hangs a document consisting of 95 theses on the door of Wittenberg Castle Church during the period known as the Protestant Reformation.
1858 – Queen Victoria issues an order transferring rule of India from the hands of the British East India Company to the hands of the British government, and India thus officially becomes one of the colonies of the British Crown.
1864 – Nevada becomes the thirty-sixth state of the United States.
1917 – The city of Beersheba in Palestine falls to Allied forces during World War I.
1940 – The Germans declare victory over the United Kingdom in World War II.
1956 – France and the United Kingdom launch a bombing campaign against Egypt to force it to open the Suez Canal. Egypt breaks diplomatic relations with England and France following the tripartite aggression. It also announces the cancellation of the evacuation agreement signed in 1954.
1961 – The body of Joseph Stalin, on public display, was moved from the “Lenin Cemetery” on Moscow's Red Square to a nearby cemetery after he was convicted of brutal crimes.
1962 – The first constitution of the Yemen Arab Republic is promulgated and Abdullah Al-Sallal is elected President of the Republic.
1984 – Assassination of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
1992 – Rafik Hariri becomes Prime Minister of Lebanon.
🌟 The Vatican reverses its position of condemnation of Galileo, who claimed that the Earth revolved around the sun.
1999 – An Egyptian plane traveling from the United States to Cairo crashes off the coast of Connecticut.
2003 – Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad relinquishes his post after 22 years in power.
2010 – Gunmen affiliated with Al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia stormed a church in Baghdad and killed 58 people in the incident known as the Lady of Deliverance massacre.
2011 – The State of Palestine becomes a full member of UNESCO after the approval of 107 member states, the rejection of 14 states and the abstention of 52 states during the vote. The United States cut funding to the organization following this decision.
🌟 Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika inaugurates the Algiers metro.
2014 – The SpaceShipTwo space tourism plane crashed during a test flight, killing one crew member and injuring another.
🌟 Burkinabe President Blaise Compaoré resigns from his post after 27 years due to popular protests in the country, and army chief of staff Yacoub Ishak Zida is named the country's interim president.
2015 – Metro Flight 9268 crashes into Sinai while en route to St. Petersburg, killing all 224 people on board.
2016 – The Lebanese Parliament elects Free Patriotic Movement leader and former army commander Michel Aoun as president of Lebanon after approximately two and a half years of presidential vacancy.
2017 – 8 people were killed and at least 11 others injured in a vehicular attack claimed by ISIS in downtown Manhattan, in the US state of New York.
2018 – Asia Bibi, sentenced to death for blasphemy in Pakistan, was released, amid great anger from Islamic parties.
🌟 Unveiling of the Statue of Unity in India, which is the tallest statue in the world at 182 meters.
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Births:
1632 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter.
1795 – John Keats, English poet.
1815 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician.
1835 – Adolf von Baer, a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1905.
1855 – Joseph Wright, linguist from the United Kingdom.
1870 – Sir William Jackson Pope, English chemist.
1920 – Fritz Walter, German footballer.
1922 – Norodom Sihanouk, king of Cambodia.
1925 – John Pople, English chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998.
1926 – Amirouche Ait Hamouda, Algerian revolutionary.
1947 – Herman Van Rompuy, Prime Minister of Belgium.
1950 – Zaha Hadid, Anglo-Iraqi architect.
1959 – Ahmed El-Sayed El-Naggar, Egyptian economist.
1982 – Ali Al-Namsh, Kuwaiti footballer.
** But Hamdan, Jordanian actress and singer.
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Death:
1973 – Malek Bennabi, Algerian writer and thinker.
1984 – Indira Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister.
2009 – Mustafa Mahmoud, Egyptian thinker, doctor, writer and literary personality.
** Amin Howeidi, Egyptian soldier and politician.
2012 – Abdel Razzaq El Hamami, Tunisian director.
2018 – Hamdi Kandil, Egyptian journalist.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⏪Halloween Day.
