It happened on this day, November 15
Events:
565 – Justin II succeeds his uncle Justinian I as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
1533 – Francisco Pizarro arrives in Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire.
1791 – Georgetown University opens and becomes the first Catholic university in the United States.
1820 – The inhabitants of Fez el-Bali pledge allegiance to Moulay Ibrahim bin Al-Yazid, thus breaking the oath of allegiance to Sultan Suleiman bin Muhammad.
1821 – The Qajars attack eastern Anatolia and besiege Baghdad.
1889 – Beginning of the republican system in Brazil.
1920 – The first meeting of the League of Nations takes place in Geneva.
1930 – Law No. 49 of 1930 regarding the reform of Al-Azhar is promulgated, paving the way for the emergence of Al-Azhar University.
1939 – The tomb of Tutankhamun is opened to the public.
1943 – German leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Roma people be placed on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps for extermination.
1948 – A number of members of the Muslim Brotherhood regime are arrested in Egypt while transporting regime documents as well as weapons and explosives in a jeep, in what was known as the Affair Jeep.
1955 – The secretary general of the new Constitutional Free Party in Tunisia, Saleh Ben Youssef, refuses to attend the party conference in Sfax, accuses the party leader, Habib Bourguiba, of treason and calls for resistance from the French.
1961 – Kuwaiti television begins official broadcasts.
1969 – Between 250,000 and 500,000 demonstrators stage a peaceful demonstration against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C. The demonstration is called the “March Against Death.”
1973 – Prisoner exchange between Egypt and Israel, sponsored by the International Committee of the Red Cross, after the end of fighting in the October War.
1976 – Arab deterrent forces enter Beirut in an attempt to end the civil war which broke out on April 13.
1975 between Muslims and Christians.
1979 – Ted Kaczynski places an explosive device in the cargo hold of a flight from Chicago, Illinois to Washington, forcing the plane to make an emergency landing.
1988 – The Palestinian National Council announces the independence of Algeria, the creation of the State of Palestine and the formation of a Palestinian government in exile led by Yasser Arafat.
2000 – Establishment of the Abu Dhabi Securities Market.
2001 – Microsoft launches the Xbox on the market.
2002 – Hu Jintao is elected general secretary of the Communist Party of China, which is seen as a prelude to his selection as president of the People's Republic of China.
2003 – Terrorist attacks in Istanbul, Turkey, leave many victims.
2006 – Al Jazeera launches an English news channel under the name Al Jazeera English.
2012 – The Chinese Communist Party elects Xi Jinping as Party General Secretary, succeeding Hu Jintao.
2012 – The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades used Fajr 5 missiles for the first time and bombarded Tel Aviv during this day with a Fajr 5 missile and an M75 missile.
2017 – Leonardo da Vinci's painting Salvator Mundi sold at auction for $450.3 million, putting it at the top of the list of the most expensive artistic paintings.
2018 – An artist's portrait (Pool with Two Figures) by David Hockney sold for $90.3 million, becoming the most expensive painting by a living painter to date.
2019 – Popular protests break out in Iran following the government's announcement of a 300% increase in fuel prices.
2020 – Peru's interim president Manuel Merino resigns after widespread protests following the impeachment of President Martin Vizcarra.
✴️ Maia Sandu wins the Moldovan presidential elections, becoming the first woman to serve as the country's president.
2021 – The Cosmos 1408 satellite is destroyed by a Russian anti-satellite weapon, turning it into space debris.
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Births:
1316 – John I, king of France.
1397 – Nicholas V.
1498 – Queen Eleonore of Habsburg, queen of Portugal and France.
1708 – William Pitt the Elder, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1738 – William Herschel, British astronomer.
1778 – Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian explorer and adventurer.
1852 – Khedive Tawfiq, sixth Egyptian ruler of the Alawite dynasty.
1860 – Max von Oppenheim, German traveler, diplomat and archaeologist.
1862 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1912.
1874 – August Krug, Danish doctor who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1920.
1886 – René Guénon, French writer.
1889 – Taha Hussein, Egyptian writer, critic and minister, nicknamed “the dean of Arab literature”.
1891 – Erwin Rommel, German military leader nicknamed the “Desert Fox”.
** Averell Harriman, American businessman, politician and diplomat.
1907 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German soldier.
1908 – Fatima Rushdi, Egyptian actress.
1922 – Muhammad Salman, Lebanese director and actor.
1928 – Fouad Dawara, Egyptian theater critic.
1931 – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya.
1932 – Ahmed Bahgat, Egyptian writer.
** Petula Clark, English singer.
1936 – Mona Badr, Egyptian actress.
1938 – Samira Ahmed, Egyptian actress.
1942 – Daniel Barenboim, Argentinian pianist and conductor.
1943 – Abdullah Al-Efranji, Palestinian diplomat and politician.
1946 – Faisal Al-Hajji Boukhadour, ambassador and minister of Kuwait.
1947 – Bill Richardson, American politician.
1960 – Aisha Jama, social activist from Somalia.
1970 – Patrick Mboma, Cameroonian footballer.
1971 – Goran Tovigdzic, Serbian footballer and coach.
1973 – Amira Al-Aidi, Egyptian actress.
** Sydney Tamia Poitier, American actress.
1979 – Josemi, Spanish footballer.
1981 – Sami Al-Sheikh, Egyptian actor. Lamita Franjieh, Lebanese actress and model.
1982 – Mohamed Farrag, Egyptian actor.
1983 – Madiha Kneifati, Syrian actress. Fernando Verdasco, Spanish tennis player.
1987 – Isaiah Osbourne, English footballer.
1988 – Doaa Al-Maghazi, Egyptian broadcaster.
1991 – Shailene Woodley, American actress.
1992 – Daniela Siegel, Chilean tennis player.
** Kevin Wimmer, Austrian footballer.
1993 – Paulo Dybala, Argentine footballer.
1995 – Karl-Anthony Towns, American basketball player.
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Death:
655 – Penda, king of Mercia.
1188 – Osama ben Munqidh, poet and one of the Muslim leaders of the Crusades.
1280 – Albertus Magnus, German philosopher and saint.
1630 – Johannes Kepler, German mathematician, physicist and astronomer.
1670 – John Amos Comenius, Czech writer.
1706 – Tsangyang Gyatso, sixth Dalai Lama.
1795 – Charles Imédée Philippe van Loo, French painter.
1908 – Tse Xi, Empress of China.
1916 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1905.
1917 – Emile Durkheim, French philosopher and sociologist.
1919 – Muhammad Farid, one of the leaders of the Egyptian National Movement.
**Alfred Werner, Swiss chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1913.
1922 – Dimitrios Gounaris, Prime Minister of Greece.
** Georgios Hatziansetis, Greek soldier.
1959 – Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927.
1977 – Raji Al-Rai, Lebanese publisher, poet and lawyer.
1990 – Hind Abi Lama, Lebanese actress.
2000 – Edoardo Agnelli, entrepreneur and son of former Juventus president Gianni Agnelli.
2003 – Mohamed Shukri, Moroccan novelist.
2012 – Théophile Abega, Cameroonian footballer.
2013 – Glafcos Clerides, Cypriot politician and lawyer.
2014 – Valery Mizagh, Cameroonian footballer.
2020 – Walid Al-Muallem, Syrian politician.
** Mahjoubi Ahradane, Moroccan politician.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⬅️ Independence Day in Palestine.
⬅️ Republic Day in Brazil.
⬅️ Baghdad Festival.
⬅️ “Shichi-go-san” vacation in Japan.
