It happened on this day, August 31st.
Events:
1290 – The Jews are expelled from England by the English King Edward I.
1422 – Henry VI ascends to the throne of England at the age of nine months, after the death of his father, King Henry V.
1876 - Ottoman Sultan Murad V is deposed due to mental illness and Abdul Hamid bin Abdul Majeed I is named his successor as Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
1897 – Thomas Edison patents a motion picture camera, which he calls the Kinetograph.
1911 – The city of San Fernando, in Los Angeles County, California, is granted city status.
1918 – Bolsheviks attack the British consulate in Petrograd.
1931 – A flood of the Yangrijiang River in China kills 250,000 people.
1950 – TWA Flight 903 crashes in the desert near Wadi El Natrun, killing all 55 on board.
1955 – William Cobb of General Motors introduces the first solar-powered vehicle in Chicago.
1957 – Declaration of independence of Malaysia.
1964 – Launch of the Kuwaiti Kazma Club.
1965 – Inauguration of the red telephone line between the Soviet Union and the United States, intended for periods of serious crises.
✴️ An amendment to the Security Council system, by which the number of its members was increased to 15 members, including 10 non-permanent members.
1978 – Imam Musa al-Sadr disappears while in Libya.
1982 – The last convoy of Palestinian fighters leaves Beirut following the Israeli invasion.
1989 – Libya and Chad sign an agreement ending the 16-year border dispute over the Aouzou sector.
1991 – Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan declare independence from the Soviet Union.
1992 – King Hussein approves the Political Parties Law in Jordan.
1994 – The Irish Republican Army, which seeks to unite the Irish island, announces the cessation of its military operations for the first time in 25 years.
1996 – Russian Security Council Secretary General Alexander Lebed announces the conclusion of an agreement ending the war in Chechnya and postponing the resolution of the issue of the status of the Caucasian republic until December 31, 2001.
✴️ Creation of the Moroccan Unification and Reform Movement.
1997 – Diana Spencer, ex-wife of British Crown Prince Charles, and her boyfriend Dodi Al-Fayed die in a car crash in the Alma Tunnel in France.
2005 – More than a thousand people fell and drowned in a river above the Imams Bridge in Iraq following a severe stampede.
2007 – Lebanese Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri, while attending the festival commemorating the death of Imam Moussa al-Sadr in Baalbek, presents an initiative for the presidential elections aimed at choosing a reconciliatory president.
2010 – U.S. President Barack Obama announces the end of U.S. military operations in Iraq and that Iraqis are now responsible for their country's security.
2014 – The Iraqi Armed Forces, Iraqi Hezbollah and the Popular Mobilization Forces lift the siege of the city of Amerli.
2016 – Dilma Rousseff is removed from the presidency of the Brazilian Republic and is succeeded by Michel Temer.
✴️ The Electoral Commission announces the victory of Ali Bongo Ondimba in the presidential elections in Gabon.
2020 – Lebanese parliament members appoint diplomat Mustafa Adeeb to form the new government after Hassan Diab's government resigns following the Beirut port explosion.
✴️ The first direct flight of an Israeli aircraft arriving at Abu Dhabi airport from Tel Aviv airport after crossing Saudi airspace.
2021 – The Estonian Parliament elects Alar Kares as the sixth President of the Republic of Estonia.
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Births:
12 – Caligula, Roman emperor.
161 – Commodus, the sixth of the Antonine Roman emperors.
1821 – Hermann von Helmholtz, German physicist.
1843 – Georg von Hertling, chancellor of Germany.
1879 – Emperor Taishō, Emperor of Japan.
1880 – Queen Wilhamina, Queen of the Netherlands.
1884 – Georges Sarton, Belgian pharmacist and scientific historian.
1908 – William Saroyan, American novelist and playwright.
1913 – Bernard Lovell, British astronomer and physicist.
1943 – Hassan Tawfiq, Egyptian poet.
1947 – Mona Marshall, American actress.
** Somchai Wongsawat, Prime Minister of Thailand.
1949 – Richard Gere, American actor.
** Hugh David Pulitzer, American theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004.
1951 – Muhammad Ahmad Al-Zaher, Jordanian-Palestinian writer and poet.
1958 – Eric Zemmour, French political writer and journalist.
1960 – Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary General of Lebanese Hezbollah.
1966 – Luboslav Penev, Bulgarian footballer.
1970 – Queen Rania Al Abdullah, wife of King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein of Jordan.
** Nikola Gruevski, Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia.
1972 – Chris Tucker, American actor. Madeleine Matar, Lebanese singer.
1975 – Sara Ramirez, American actress.
1976 – Roque Junior, Brazilian footballer.
1977 – Jeff Hardy, American wrestler.
1978 – Philippe Christanval, French footballer.
1981 – Mounia, Kuwaiti singer and actress.
1982 – Nayla Tueni, Lebanese journalist and politician.
** José Manuel Reyna, Spanish football goalkeeper.
1985 – Elham Ali, Saudi actress. ** Prince Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Death:
1422 – King Henry V, King of England.
1867 – Charles Baudelaire, French poet.
1932 – Sasson Hasqeel, first Minister of Finance in Iraq.
1950 – Camellia, Egyptian actress.
1963 – Georges Braque, French painter.
1965 – Francisco Bru, Spanish footballer, referee and coach.
1980 – Muhammad Al-Fahham – former Sheikh of Al-Azhar.
1985 – Frank MacFarlane Burnett, Australian physician who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1960.
1986 – Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland.
1994 – John Walton, Australian politician.
1995 – Nizar Al-Halabi, Lebanese cleric.
1997 – Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales and former wife of the United Kingdom's Crown Prince, Prince Charles.
** Dodi Al-Fayed, son of Egyptian billionaire Mohamed Al-Fayed.
2002 – George Porter, British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967.
2005 – Joseph Rotblat, British physicist who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995.
2006 – Mohamed Abdel Wahab, Egyptian footballer.
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Public holidays and occasions:
⬅️ Independence Day in Kyrgyzstan.
⬅️ Independence Day in Trinidad and Tobago.
