It happened on this day, December 15
Events:
687 – Serge I is elected pope of the Catholic Church.
1256 – Hulagu Khan captures the Assassin stronghold of Alamut and destroys their castle.
1467 – Stephen the Great defeats King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, wounded three times during the Battle of Baia.
1612 – German astronomer Simon Marius managed to observe the Andromeda galaxy for the first time using binoculars.
1791 – Study begins at America's first law school or law school, at the University of Pennsylvania.
1794 – The French Revolution abolishes the Revolutionary Tribunal, which judged symbols of the monarchy in the early years of the revolution.
1814 – Hartford Conference meetings begin in Hartford, Connecticut, United States.
1914 – The Serbian army retakes Belgrade from the Austro-Hungarian army.
1918 – The World Jewish Congress holds its first conference in the United States.
1931 – A treaty is signed between the Mutawakkil Kingdom of Yemen and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and approved in January 1932.
(1945–General Douglas MacArthur orders the abolition of Shintoism as an official religion in Japan during the occupation of Japan
1946 – US-backed Iranian forces overthrow the Mahabad Republic and end the Iranian Crisis in 1946.
1952 – The world's first sex change operation was performed on a Dane, Georg Jorgensen, who became Christine Jorgensen.
1954 – Signature of the Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1955 – The Libyan University of Benghazi is established, making it the first university in Libya.
1973 – The American Psychiatric Association votes 13-0 to remove homosexuality from the official list of mental disorders and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
💥 US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger visited Damascus for the first time, followed by other visits as part of shuttle tours between Syria and Israel that ended with a disengagement agreement between the two sides in May 1974.
1991 – The Salem Express ferry accident occurred in the Red Sea, resulting in the drowning of more than 450 people.
1993 – British Prime Minister John Major and Northern Ireland Prime Minister Albert Reynolds issue the so-called “Downing Street Declaration”, which recognizes the right of the people of Northern Ireland to self-determination.
1994 – Palau joins the United Nations.
1995 – Launch of the Alta Vista search engine.
1998 – Algerian President Liamine Zeroual appoints Ismail Hamdani as Prime Minister.
2000 – Shutdown of the third reactor of the Chernobyl reactor.
2001 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa is reopened after 11 years of closure and maintenance at a cost of US$27 million, without stopping the tower's tilt.
2004 – Saad Al-Faqih calls for protests and sit-ins in Saudi Arabia to express his opposition to the ruling system.
2006 – First flight of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II.
2009 – The thirtieth session of the Gulf Summit in Kuwait concluded with an agreement to form a joint rapid response force to address security threats, set a timetable for Gulf monetary union and establish a joint monetary council.
2010 – The UN Security Council decides to end most sanctions imposed on Iraq under former President Saddam Hussein.
2011 – The American flag is lowered in Iraq, marking the end of the nearly nine-year American presence there, in the presence of US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta.
2012 – Egyptians go to the polls in the first round of the referendum on the new constitution, amid divisions over the issue.
💥 Colonel Youssef Al-Jader, one of the leaders of the Free Syrian Army, was killed during fighting with Syrian army forces around the infantry school near Aleppo.
2013 – The funeral of former South African President Nelson Mandela took place 10 days after his death.
2013 – The failed military coup in South Sudan and the outbreak of civil war in the country.
2014 – A gunman takes several hostages in a cafe in Sydney, Australia.
💥 The fall of the Wadi al-Deif camp, south of Idlib governorate, to Syrian opposition forces led by the Al-Nusra Front.
2015 – Announcement of the formation of a Saudi-led military alliance called the Islamic Military Alliance to combat terrorism.
2016 – Assassination of Tunisian aeronautical engineer Mohamed Al-Zouari in the city of Sfax, who had worked on the development and manufacture of drones for the Al-Qassam Brigades of the Hamas movement. It is likely that the Israeli Mossad was behind this assassination.
💥 The evacuation of thousands of Syrian opposition fighters and civilians from the last besieged neighborhoods of eastern Aleppo began under a deal reached under Russian and Turkish sponsorship, which also included the evacuation civilians from the besieged villages of Al-Foua and Kafriya. by opposition forces in Idlib governorate.
2019 – At least 6 people were killed and others arrested during protests against India's Citizenship Amendment Act due to religious discrimination.
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Births:
37 – Nero, fifth emperor of the Roman Empire.
130 – Lucius Aurelius Verus, Roman emperor.
1447 – Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria.
1789 – Carlos Sublet, Venezuelan general and politician and 11th president of Venezuela.
1832 – Gustave Eiffel, French architect.
1852 – Henri Becquerel, French physicist who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903.
1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, inventor of the Esperanto language.
1860 – Nils Finsen, Danish doctor, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1903.
1861 – Per Evind Svenhovd, third president of Finland.
1891 – Abu Abdullah Al-Zanjani, Shia jurist and Iranian university professor.
1907 – Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect.
1910 – Alawiya Jamil, Egyptian actress.
1916 – Khadr Al-Tuni, Egyptian athlete.
**Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1962.
1918 – Afifa Al-Hosni, Syrian teacher and poet.
1920 – Gamal Al-Banna, Egyptian Islamic thinker.
1923 – Freeman Dyson, American mathematician and theoretical physicist.
1925 – Casey Rogers, American actress.
** Moshe Sasson, second Israeli ambassador to Egypt.
1933 – Patriarch Gregory III Lahham, Syrian Christian cleric and patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church.
1934 – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Somalia.
1939 – Inaam Salousa, Egyptian actress.
1942 – Tahseen Shardam, Jordanian soldier.
** Kathleen Blanco, American politician.
** Mike Summerbee, English footballer.
1943 – Princess Fadia, daughter of Farouk I, King of Egypt.
1944: Milan Zivadinović, Serbian footballer
(1945–SalmaBakkarTunisian director
1946 – Piet Shrivers, Dutch footballer.
1948 – Abla Al-Kahlawi, Egyptian Islamic preacher.
1949 – Don Johnson, American actor.
1950 – Mohamed Abdel Aty, an Egyptian conscript nicknamed the Tank Hunter.
1951 – Joey Jordan, Scottish football player and manager.
1952 – Allan Simonsen, Danish footballer and manager.
1963 – Helen Slater, American actress.
1966 – Hector Vergara, Canadian football referee.
1967 – Anwar Ahmed, Syrian actress working in Kuwait.
1969 – Mubarak Al-Hasanat, Palestinian leader
1971 – Necati Çasmaz, Turkish actor.
1972 – Khaled Al-Ruwaihi, Saudi footballer.
1974 – Maryam Ali, Syrian actress.
1976 – Baichung Bhutia, Indian footballer.
1977 – Mehmet Aurelio, Turkish footballer.
1979 – Adam Brody, American actor.
1980 – Ji Meng, Chinese footballer.
1981 – Hossam Ghaly, Egyptian footballer.
** Najwa Belisle, French singer of Moroccan origin.
** Roman Pavlyuchenko, Russian footballer.
** Cao Yang, Chinese footballer.
1982 – Matías Delgado, Argentine footballer.
1983 – Zlatan Ljubjankić, Slovenian footballer.
** René Roman, Spanish footballer.
1984 – Martin Škrtil, Slovak footballer.
1986 – Keylor Navas, Costa Rican football goalkeeper.
1988 – Rahma Hassan, Egyptian actress.
1990 – Rachel Brosnan, American actress.
1994 – Emma Lockhart, American actress.
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Death:
1025 – Basil II, Byzantine emperor.
1072 – Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan.
1161 – Wan Yanliang, emperor of the Jin dynasty.
1574 – Selim II, Ottoman sultan.
1625 – Muhammad Hejazi Al-Waez, an Egyptian Muslim scholar.
1675 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter.
1819 – Daniel Rutherford, Scottish physician.
1917 – Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalisky, Russian paleontologist.
1958 – Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945.
1966 – Walt Disney, American animation producer and director and founder of The Walt Disney Company.
1979 – Habibullah Loghi, Iranian poet.
1993 – Zainab Sedqi, Egyptian actress.
2004 – Jamil al-Assad, Syrian politician, is the uncle of the current Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad.
2008 – Hasib Ben Ammar, Tunisian politician.
2011 – Christopher Hitchens, American writer and journalist.
2015 – Lucio Gelli, Italian financier and leading Freemason.
2016 – Mohamed Al-Zouari, Tunisian aeronautical engineer.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⏪ Zamenhof Day is the Esperanto movement in honor of its inventor, Ludwik Zamenhof.
