It happened on this day, December 31
Events:
1097 – The ruler of Damascus, Duqaq ibn Tush, tries to save Antioch, besieged by the crusaders.
1600 – The East India Company is created under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This company monopolizes trade between Africa, Asia and America and continues its activity until its dissolution in 1874.
1857 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom chooses the city of Ottawa, Ontario, as the capital of Canada.
1909 – The Manhattan Bridge opens in New York, connecting Pawley and Canal Street to Shintown and Flatbush Avenue in Brooklyn.
1912 – Italians occupy the city of Sirte in Libya.
(1945–American President Harry Truman announces the end of World War II
1946 – Final withdrawal of foreign military forces from Lebanon.
1947 Haganah gangs commit a massacre against the residents of the town of Sheikh, killing many women and children. The death toll reaches around 600 Palestinians.
⭐ Submit the controversial Kashmir issue between Pakistan and India to the United Nations.
1955 – General Motors becomes the first American company to achieve profits exceeding US$1 billion.
1961 – The Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development is established as a Kuwaiti institution responsible for providing and managing financial and technical assistance to developing countries.
1977 – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah takes power in Kuwait, succeeding Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.
1984 – The United States withdraws from UNESCO.
1999 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin resigns from his post and presidential powers are transferred to Prime Minister Vladimir Putin until presidential elections are held.
⭐ The American government entrusts management of the Panama Canal to the Panamanian government.
2006 – The United Kingdom pays the last installment of its debt to the United States since World War II.
2015 – A huge fire breaks out at the Address Downtown Hotel in Dubai.
2016 – The Lebanese newspaper Al-Safir closes its doors and ceases to publish its print edition, 43 years after its publication.
A 🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎
Births:
695 – Muhammad bin Al-Qasim Al-Thaqafi, Umayyad military commander.
1830 – Khedive Ismail, fifth Egyptian ruler of the Alawite dynasty.
1898 – Ibrahim Naji, Egyptian poet.
** Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer.
1919 – Rahmat Mostafavi, Iranian lawyer, journalist and writer.
1934 – Ibrahim al-Salqini, Syrian cleric.
1935 – Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia.
1937 – Avram Hershko, Israeli physician and chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004.
(1945-FawziaArifiraqi actress
1948 – Donna Summer, American singer.
1950 – Salah Rashwan, Egyptian actor.
1959 – Abdel Nasser Al-Zayer, Saudi actor working in Kuwait.
** Ghada Al-Shamaa, Syrian actress.
1960 – Wafiq Al-Zaeem, Syrian actor.
1961 – Katayoun Riahi, Iranian actress.
1979 – Ahmed Al Sharif, Tunisian singer. ** Amr Mostafa, Egyptian singer and composer.
1984 – Fahd Al-Rashidi, Kuwaiti footballer.
A 🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍
Death:
1293 – Al-Ashraf Saladin Khalil, the eighth sultan of the Bahri Mamluk state.
1971 – Vikram Sarabhai, Indian physicist.
1977 – Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, twelfth Emir of the State of Kuwait.
1986 – Omar Fathi, Egyptian singer and actor.
1987 – Hussein Hassan Nasrallah, Lebanese military officer and police officer.
1999 – Sheikh Abu Al-Hasan Al-Nadawi, Islamic scholar, writer and founder of the Islamic Scientific Academy in India.
2007 – Gamal Badawi, Egyptian writer and historian.
2008 – Ihsan Al-Qalaawi, Egyptian actress.
2009 – Rashidi Kawawa, Tanzanian politician and statesman.
2012 – Tariq Al-Makki, Tunisian businessman.
A 🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎🌍🌎
Holidays and Occasions:
⏪ New Year's Eve.