It happened on this day, January 12
Events:
1493 – Last day of the deadline given to Jews to leave the Italian island of Sicily.
1528 – Gustav I – is crowned king of Sweden, having reigned since his election in 1523.
1545 – Penang Kyawhtin Naurhta is crowned king of Burma, who can then create the largest empire in South Asia.
1616 – The city of Belém in Brazil is founded on the Amazon River delta by Portuguese captain Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco.
1684 – King Louis XIV of France marries Madame de Mentenon.
1755 – Empress Elizabeth of Russia opens her country's first university in St. Petersburg.
1773 – The first public museum in the United States is established in Charleston, South Carolina.
1806 – France withdraws from Vienna.
1809 – The British, along with Portugal and Brazil, seize French Guiana.
1816 – France orders the exile of Napoleon Bonaparte's family on the island of Saint Helena, after his defeat by the English at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
1872 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first imperial coronation in that city in 200 years.
1879 – British forces invade Zulu country in South Africa, led by Lieutenant General Chelmsford, in response to the Zulu war against colonialism.
1907 – The United Kingdom grants the former Transvaal colony of South Africa responsible governing authority.
1908 – The first long-distance radio message is sent from the Eiffel Tower.
1915 – The United States House of Representatives rejects a bill to grant women the right to vote in elections.
1924 – The first legislative elections take place in Egypt.
1937 – France takes the decision to dissolve the National Union of Muslims of North Africa Party, led by Messali El-Hajj, who had communist tendencies.
1944 – Nazi German forces withdraw from the city of Leningrad after a two-year siege.
✴️ A conference was held between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Prime Minister of the French interim government Charles de Gaulle in Marrakech, Morocco, which lasted two days to discuss developments in World War II.
(1945-Earthquake in Mikawa, Japan measuring 71 on the Richter scale kills 1900 people
1948 – The British Mandate administration demobilizes 3,200 Palestinian Border Force recruits.
✴️ Mahatma Gandhi begins his last fast for peace.
✴️ Opening of the first supermarket in the United Kingdom.
1950 – The Soviet Union reintroduced death sentences for high treason, espionage and sabotage for the benefit of the enemy.
✴️ Appointment of Taha Hussein as Minister of Education in Egypt.
1952 – The University of Tennessee welcomes the first black student after a long history of racial segregation in the United States.
1953 – Gamal Abdel Nasser makes the decision to dissolve the Muslim Brotherhood Association.
✴️ Nine Jewish physicists were arrested in Moscow for terrorist activities.
1954 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom opens the New Zealand Parliament.
1960 – Abdul Hamid Al-Sarraj is appointed secretary general of the National Union of the Northern Region of the United Arab Republic.
1961 – The United Nations Charter Against Genocide comes into force.
1964 – Obaid Karume stages a coup against Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah in the Sultanate of Zanzibar.
1970 – Nigeria's Biafran War ends with the defeat of the Eastern Republic of Biafra, a day after the flight of its founder, Ojukwu.
1974 – Declaration of unity between Tunisia and Libya, according to which Colonel Muammar Gaddafi agreed to give up the presidency in favor of Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, but this did not last 24 hours and the nascent state had to carry the name of the Islamic State. Arab Republic.
1976 – The UN Security Council votes 11 to one to allow the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to attend its sessions.
1977 – Demonstrations against France in Israel after the release of Muhammad Daoud Odeh/Abu Daoud, accused of being responsible for the murder of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games in 1972.
1984 – Chadli Bendjedid is re-elected president of Algeria.
1988 – A US Strategic Studies Committee presents a detailed report to President Ronald Reagan emphasizing the need to strengthen the US-European common arms policy.
1989 – Zaire expels Ugandan President Idi Amin.
1990 – Romania bans the Communist Party, becoming the first Warsaw Pact country to do so with the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.
1991 – The US Congress votes to fight Iraq in order to liberate the State of Kuwait.
1992 – The Supreme Security Council takes the reins of power in Algeria after the overwhelming victory of the Islamic Salvation Front in the first round of Algeria's legislative elections.
1994 – His son, Malcolm
1995 – Start of the trial of former American football player and actor O Jay Simpson, accused of murdering his ex-wife and her lover.
✴️ A violent earthquake in Kobe, Japan, kills 5,092.
1996 – Russian forces arrive in Bosnia and Herzegovina to help implement the Dayton Peace Agreement.
1998 – Linda Tripp, a former White House employee, gives independent American investigator Kenneth Starr recordings of telephone conversations with her colleague Monica Lewinsky in which she recounts details of an intimate relationship with President Bill Clinton, triggering this which became known as the Monica Gate scandal.
2000 – Israeli prosecutors file an indictment against a 39-year-old Israeli settler in West Jerusalem who threatened to kill Prime Minister Ehud Barak as soon as he found or met him.
2009 – The Human Rights Council decides to establish a fact-finding mission to investigate allegations of violations of international humanitarian law before and after the war in Gaza.
2010 – Iranian nuclear scientist Masoud Mohammadi is assassinated by an explosion targeting his home.
✴️ An earthquake in Haiti reached 7 degrees on the Richter scale.
2011 – The resignation of 11 ministers from the Lebanese government, representing the Bloc of Reform and Change, Hezbollah, the Amal Movement and a minister affiliated with the President of the Republic, causing the government to lose its constitutional legitimacy and is considered to have resigned.
✴️ Kuwaiti Prime Minister Sheikh Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah visits Iraq in the first visit by a Kuwaiti prime minister to Iraq since the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990.
2015 – Portuguese player Cristiano Ronaldo wins the FIFA Golden Ball as the world's best football player at the 2014 FIFA Awards ceremony.
2016 – A powerful bomb attack in Istanbul's Sultanahmet Square killed at least 10 people and injured 15 others. The gunboats of two American sailors were arrested by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps naval force after illegally entering Iranian territorial waters.
2020 – Taal Volcano erupts in the Philippines and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology raises the alert level to Level 4 for the possibility of a volcanic eruption.
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Births:
1580 – Van Helmut, Belgian botanist and doctor.
1729 – Edmund Burke, British writer and politician.
1751 – Ferdinand I, king of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
1810 – Ferdinando II, king of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
1837 – Lorenzo Yates, American paleontologist and dentist.
1876 – Jack London, American novelist.
1893 – Hermann Goering, founder of the German secret police/Gestapo under Adolf Hitler.
1899 – Paul Müller, Swiss chemist who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1948.
1903 – Igor Vasilievich Khreschatov, Russian nuclear scientist.
1912 – Ibrahim Hamouda, Egyptian actor and singer.
1931 – Rashid Alama, Lebanese actor and director.
1933 – Kamal Al-Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt.
1936 – Emile Lahoud, President of the Lebanese Republic.
1937 – Michal Meskhi, Soviet footballer.
1941 – Long John Bouldry, British singer and voice actor.
1944 – Joe Frazier, American boxer.
(1945–AmalIbrahimEgyptian actress
1948 – Aziz Al-Dweik, president of the Palestinian Legislative Council.
1949 – Otmar Hitzfeld, German footballer and coach.
1958 – Iqbal Naeem, Iraqi actress.
1966 – Oliver Martinez, French actor.
1967 – Takehiko Inoue, Japanese mangaka.
1968 – Abdullah Dedan, Moroccan actor. Junichi Masda, Japanese composer.
1970 – Robert Fadel, Lebanese businessman and politician.
1978 – Bonaventure Kalou, Ivorian footballer.
1986 – Nieto, Spanish footballer.
1987 – Ali Al-Mashmoum, Kuwaiti footballer.
** Salvatore Sirigu, Italian footballer.
1992 – Isaac Belfodil, French footballer.
1993 – Zayn Malik, British singer who was part of the group One Direction.
**DO, singer in EXO.
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Death:
1519 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
1665 – Pierre de Fermat, French mathematician and lawyer.
1834 – William Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1881 – Abd al-Baqi al-Alusi, an Iraqi Ottoman Muslim scholar.
1909 – Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician.
1946 – Safia Zaghloul, wife of leader Saad Zaghloul.
1976 – Agatha Christie, English writer famous for her detective novels.
1986 – Assia Dagher, Egyptian actress and producer of Lebanese origin.
1988 – Asaad Hariz, Lebanese lawyer and judge.
1990 – Ihsan Abdel Quddus, Egyptian writer.
2004 – James Early, American engineer and electronics engineer.
2005 – Laila Fawzi, Egyptian actress.
**Amrish Puri, Indian actor.
2009 – Claude Berry, French director, actor and producer.
2010 – Masoud Mohammadi, Iranian particle physicist.
** Daniel Ben Said, French philosopher.
2017 – Karima Mokhtar, Egyptian actress.
** Musaed Al-Rashidi, Saudi poet.
2020 – Ali Al Ghurair, Bahraini actor.
2022 – Wahid El-Sunbati, Egyptian journalist and actor.
**Arshad Yassin, Saddam Hussein's bodyguard and Iraqi politician.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⬅️ Zanzibar Revolution Day in Zanzibar, Tanzania.
⬅️ National Youth Day in India.
⬅️ Amazigh New Year's Eve.
