It happened on this day, January 23
Events:
971 – A legion of war elephants in China is defeated in the Northern Han Kingdom by Song Dynasty forces with a crossbow.
393 – Roman Emperor Theodosius I installs his nine-year-old son Honorius as co-emperor.
1368 – Zhou Yuangang ascends the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, marking the beginning of the Ming dynasty's rule over China.
1517 – The Ottoman army led by Sultan Selim I defeats the Mamluk army led by Tuman Bey at the Battle of Raydaniya near Cairo, after violent resistance that lasted several days.
1556 – The Shaanxi earthquake hits China, causing the greatest loss of life in history, estimated at around 830,000. It was one of the most devastating earthquakes in the world.
1579 – The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.
1650 – The Portuguese evacuate from Oman.
1656 – Blaise Pascal publishes the first regional letters.
1719 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is established within the Holy Roman Empire.
1793 – Russia and Prussia divide Poland.
1845 – Emir Abdelkader Al-Jazairi surrenders to French occupation forces.
1899 – The ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah, signs a protection treaty with the United Kingdom (cancelled June 19, 1961).
1913 – A group of members of Union and Progress storm the Sublime Porte, seat of the Ottoman Grand Vizier, and force Ottoman Sultan Mehmed Rashad to appoint Mahmoud Shawkat Pasha as Grand Vizier and Superintendent of the Interior.
1920 – The Netherlands refuses to hand over former Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies after World War I.
1943 – British forces capture Tripoli in Libya during World War II.
1950 – The Knesset declares Jerusalem the capital of Israel for the second time and continues to transfer government departments to it.
1963 – A senior British intelligence officer, Mi-5 Kim Philby, suddenly disappears in Beirut, later revealed to be a Soviet spy.
1969 – Cairo celebrates its millennium The opening of the first international book fair is considered the beginning of the millennium celebration.
1973 – U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that an agreement has been reached to end the Vietnam War.
1997 – U.S. President Bill Clinton appoints Madeleine Albright as Secretary of State at the start of his second presidential term, succeeding Warren Christopher.
2007 – Lebanese opposition closes roads leading to the capital, Beirut, and Rafic Hariri International Airport to pressure the government into resigning. This closure led to street clashes between supporters of the two parties, causing numerous casualties.
2012 – Opening of the first sessions of the Egyptian People's Assembly after the January 25 Revolution, during which Muhammad Saad al-Katatni was elected President of the Council, becoming the first member of the Muslim Brotherhood to hold this position.
2015 Death of Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
✴️ Pledge of allegiance to Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as Crown Prince and Prince Muhammad bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as Crown Prince deputy.
2021 – Demonstrations and protests in several Russian cities due to the arrest of opponent Alexeï Navalny.
2022 – A military coup took place in Burkina Faso, the arrest of President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, the President of Parliament and members of the government, and the suspension of work on the Constitution.
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Births:
1832 – Edouard Manet, French painter.
1840 – Ernst Karl App, German physicist.
1862 – David Hilbert, German mathematician.
1872 – Paul Langevin, French physicist.
1876 - Otto Diels, German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950.
** Muhammad Taher Al-Samawi, Iraqi jurist, literary historian and poet.
1891 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian philosopher.
1893 – Aziz Othman, Egyptian actor.
1907 – Yukawa Hideki, Japanese physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949.
1915 – Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize in Economics in 1979.
1918 – Gertrude Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist, wins the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1988.
1919 – Bob Paisley, English football player and manager.
1929 – John Charles Polanyi, Canadian chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1986.
1931 – Betty Green, American journalist and actress
1938 – Saeed Abdel Ghani, Egyptian actor.
1944 – Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor.
1946 – Arlondo Aleman, president of Nicaragua.
1947 – Megawati Soekarnoputri, President of Indonesia.
1949 – Ahmed Rateb, Egyptian actor.
1954 – Aida Riad, Egyptian actress.
1955 – Sabah Al-Jazairi, Syrian actress.
1964 – Barratt Jagdeo, President of Guyana.
1969 – Andrey Kanchelkis, Russian footballer.
1972 – Ewen Bremner, Scottish actor.
1984 – Arjen Robben, Dutch footballer.
1985 – Dong Fangzhou, Chinese footballer.
1986 – Stephen Taylor, English footballer.
1987 – Abdullah Al-Mayouf, Saudi footballer.
1990 – Reem Ahmed, Egyptian actress.
1997 – Ramadan Sobhi, Egyptian footballer.
1998 – Shahinda, Iraqi actress.
** XX Tentacion, American rapper.
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Death:
1199 – Abu Yusuf Yaqoub Al-Mansur, Almohad caliph.
1622 – William Baffin, English explorer.
1806 – William Pitt the Younger, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1810 – John Wilhelm Reiter, German chemist.
1939 – Salama Hassan Al-Radi, Egyptian Sufi.
1944 – Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter.
1954 – Adel Arslan, former Syrian Minister of Defense, writer and mujahid against the French mandate over Syria.
1979 – Baqir Al-Asfour, Bahraini jurist and judge.
1980 – Shafiq Jabri, Syrian poet.
1984 – Moin Bseiso, Palestinian poet.
1989 – Salvador Dali, Spanish painter.
1996 – Fatima Rushdi, Egyptian actress.
2006 – Edmond Naim, Lebanese politician and jurist.
2015 – Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, sixth king of Saudi Arabia.
2018 – Muhammad Al-Mufarreh, Saudi actor, producer, author and director.
2021 – Larry King, American broadcaster.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⬅️ Email Day in Japan.
