It happened on this day, January 3
Events:
1496 – Leonardo da Vinci failed to test a flying machine he designed himself.
1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther.
1777 – American Revolutionary forces led by General George Washington defeat British forces at the Battle of Princeton, New Jersey.
1809 – French inventor Nicolas Appert discovers food preservation, which lays the foundation for modern food preservation.
1874 – General Serrano assumes the presidency of the First Spanish Republic, the last president of that republic.
1899 – The United States occupies Cuba.
1914 – Ottoman military leader Enver Pasha becomes warlord of the Ottoman Empire.
1917 – France and the United Kingdom recognize Sharif Hussein as king of the Hijaz Kingdom.
1924 – British Egyptologist Howard Carter discovers the coffin of Pharaoh Tutankhamun about two years after the discovery of his tomb.
1935 – Fascist Italy led by Benito Mussolini invades Abyssinia.
1939 – The first edition of the Egyptian culture magazine is published.
1956 – Iraqi television broadcasting begins, making it the second Arab country after Egypt to introduce television broadcasting.
1959 – Alaska becomes the 50th state of the United States.
1962 – The United States breaks relations with Cuba.
1970 – Kurt Waldheim takes over as director of the United Nations Secretariat.
1985 – Israel admits to secretly transferring Falash Jews from Ethiopia.
1990 – Panama's military ruler, General Manuel Noriega, surrenders to U.S. forces launched in December.
1989 Military campaign against Panama in order to arrest it and overthrow its regime.
2004 – An Egyptian plane carrying French tourists en route from Sharm el-Sheikh to Cairo crashes and falls into the Red Sea, killing 148 people.
2005 – Kuwait arrests a number of Kuwaiti military personnel accused of planning an attack against U.S. forces in Kuwait.
2006 – The leader of the Islamic Movement in Palestine, Sheikh Raed Salah, held a press conference in East Jerusalem and revealed, in a detailed explanation and with documented photographs and videos, the existence of a Jewish synagogue under the Al-Aqsa Mosque and many other newly developed halls. He added that a designer called “Eliav Nahlili” created it over the years by building seven rooms under the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
2009 – Israel begins its ground invasion of the Gaza Strip on the eighth day of its operations in the Strip, which it calls Cast Lead.
2015 – Boko Haram attacks the town of Baga, killing and displacing hundreds of people.
2016 – The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics confirm the discovery of the chemical elements Anon tritium (later Nihonium), Unon pentium (later Moscovium), Unon septium (later Tennessin) and Unoctium (later Oganesson) and their official addition to the seventh row of Mendeleev's periodic table.
2019 – The China National Space Administration's Chang'e 4 space probe successfully lands on the far side of the Moon, a first of its kind.
2020 – Iranian Quds Force commander Qassem Soleimani was killed, along with Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis, a Popular Mobilization Forces militia leader, in a U.S. airstrike targeting a convoy in Iran. Baghdad International Airport.
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Births:
106 BC – Cicero, Roman writer and orator of Rome.
1836 – Sakamoto Ryoma, Japanese revolutionary.
1883 – Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1884 – Omar Rassem, Algerian painter, calligrapher and journalist.
1892 – John Tolkien, English philologist and novelist.
1934 – Yehuda Hashay, Israeli politician.
1937 – Nadia Lotfy, Egyptian actress.
1949 – Nelly, Egyptian actress.
1953 – Georgina Rizk, Lebanese model and actress, and Miss Universe 1971.
1954 – Abdulaziz Al-Anbari, Kuwaiti footballer.
1956 – Mel Gibson, American actor.
1960 – Elham Shaheen, Egyptian actress.
1961 – Álvaro Magalhaes, Portuguese footballer.
1964 – Abdulla Jihad, sixth vice-president of the Maldives.
1969 – Michael Schumacher, German racing driver.
1976 – Angelos Pasinas, Greek footballer.
1977 – Lee Bowyer, English footballer.
1979 – Luke Lawrence, British racing driver.
** Dima Kandalaft, Syrian actress.
1982 – Luca Garri, Italian basketball player.
** Jan Mertl, Czech tennis player.
1986 – Dana Abdel Razzaq, Iraqi runner.
1987 – Daniel Estrada, Spanish footballer.
1989 – Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer.
** Nada Adel, Egyptian actress.
1992 – Doug McDermott, American basketball player.
1995 – Jisoo, South Korean singer, actress and model.
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Death:
1933 – Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany.
1966 – Sheikh Khaled Al-Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, Kuwaiti minister.
1967 – Jack Ruby, the assassin of Lee Harvey Oswald, principal accused in the murder of US President John F. Kennedy.
1988 – Rosa Oslender, German poet.
2002 – Muhammad Al-Ali, Saudi actor. Amina Nour El Din, Egyptian actress.
2008 – Sherif Al-Alami, Jordanian journalist of Palestinian origin.
2011 – Eva Streitmatter, German writer and poet.
2015 – Moaz Al-Kasasbeh, Jordanian pilot.
2020 – Qassem Soleimani, Iranian general.
**Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis, Iraqi soldier.
2022 – Ibrahim Hegazy, Egyptian broadcaster and journalist.
** Kamal Lamoui, Algerian footballer and coach.
** Mordechai Ben Porat, Israeli politician of Iraqi origin.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⬅️ Pax Festival Day in Roman mythology.
