It happened on this day, July 15th.
events:
1099 – Fall of the city of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, as part of the First Crusade and creation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1840 – The “Treaty of London” is signed between Great Britain, the Austrian Empire, Prussia and the Russian Empire on one side and the Ottoman Empire on the other, after the loss of the Ottomans and the Egyptian army under Muhammad Ali Pasha to the European powers at the naval Battle of Navarino.
1948 – Security Council Resolution No. 54 is issued to end military action in Palestine.
1958 – Former Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Saeed is killed in the Bataween neighborhood of Baghdad the day after the military coup that ended royal rule in Iraq.
✴️ US President Dwight Eisenhower decides to send US Marines to Lebanon at the request of Lebanese President Camille Chamoun, one day after the military coup in Iraq that overthrew the royal family.
1961 – Opening of the military channel in Baghdad.
1962 – Algeria applies to join the League of Arab States after its independence from France.
1986 – Israel produces cluster bombs more advanced than American bombs.
1994 – Jordan and Israel agree to hold peace talks in Washington.
1997 – Fashion designer Gianni Versace is murdered at his home in Miami, Florida.
2003 – The Mozilla Foundation is established as a non-profit organization to continue the development of Mozilla.
2007 – Shimon Peres assumes the presidency of Israel.
2008 – 35 people were killed and more than 70 injured after two suicide bombers blew themselves up in a crowd of Iraqi army volunteers in the town of Baquba, north of the capital, Baghdad.
2009 – An Iranian airliner crashes in Qazvin province, northwest Iran, killing all 150 passengers on board.
2010 – Two suicide bombings took place at the Grand Mosque in the Iranian city of Zahedan, targeting Shiite worshipers gathered to celebrate the birth of Imam Hussein and his brother Abbas, killing 27 and wounding 169.
2012 – Heavy clashes break out between Free Syrian Army fighters and the Syrian army in the south of the Syrian capital, Damascus, setting the stage for the announcement of what is known as the Battle of Damascus.
2013 – Announcement of the discovery of the moon S/2004N1 by the Hubble Space Observatory. It is considered to be the fourteenth and smallest moon of Neptune.
2016 – An attempted military coup took place in Turkey by an army group, which failed after protests against the attempt took place in Istanbul, Ankara and major Turkish cities, in response to a call by the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
2018 – The French national football team beats its Croatian counterpart to win the FIFA World Cup for the second time after the 1998 tournament.
2020 – Twitter's security system was hacked and the accounts of some celebrities were used to fraudulently collect Bitcoin. The losses of the victims of the operation were estimated at more than one hundred thousand dollars, while the price of Twitter shares fell by 4. %.
2021 – Heavy rains and devastating floods sweep across several European countries, killing at least 180 people and leaving others missing.
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Births:
1573 – Inigo Jones, English architect.
1606 – Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter.
1763 – Roger Hale, leader, lieutenant governor of Upper Canada (now Ontario) and general in the British army.
1848 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist.
1904 – Siraj Mounir, Egyptian actor.
1918 – Bertram Brockhaus, Canadian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1994.
1921 – Robert Merrifield, American chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1984.
1922 – Leon Lederman, American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988.
1926 – Idriss Chraibi, Moroccan writer.
1927 – Tharwat Abaza, Egyptian novelist.
1928 – Carl Weiss, American microbiologist.
1930 – Jacques Derrida, French philosopher. Donald Steiner, American biochemist.
1939 – Abdul Hussein Abdul Reda, Kuwaiti actor.
** Anibal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal.
(1945–Jürgen MüllemannGerman politician
1946 – Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei.
1949 – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and Ruler of the Emirate of Dubai.
1952 – Pierluigi Baretto, Italian football referee.
** Terry Quinn, American actor.
1953 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti.
** John Denham, British politician.
1954 – Mario Kempes, Argentine footballer.
** Tarek Dhiab, Tunisian footballer and minister.
1961 – Forest Whitaker, American actor.
1964 – Ali Hassan Khalil, Lebanese politician and jurist.
1965 – David Miliband, British politician.
1968 – Amal Saad Al-Din, Syrian actress.
** Naglaa Sahwil, Jordanian actress.
1973 – Brian Austin Green, American actor.
1976 – Diane Kruger, German actress and model.
** Marco Di Vaio, Italian footballer.
1979 – Alexander Frei, Swiss footballer.
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Death:
963 – Ali bin Ishaq Al-Zahi, Iraqi poet and merchant.
1085 – Robert Guiscard, Duke of Calabria and Apulia.
1521 – Juan Ponce de León, Spanish explorer.
1904 – Anton Chekhov, Russian writer.
1919 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902.
(1945–John Pershing, American General
1958 – Nouri al-Saeed, Iraqi Prime Minister.
1975 – Abdul Mahdi Matar, Iraqi jurist, writer, poet and university professor.
1994 – Bashir Al-Aouf, Syrian journalist, writer and poet.
1997 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer.
2017 – Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician.
2020 – Elias Farkouh, Jordanian writer, translator and novelist.
2021 Muhammad Nafaa, an Israeli Arab politician.
** Peter de Vries, Dutch investigative journalist.
** Jean Kraft, American opera singer.
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Public holidays and occasions:
⬅️ Feast of Saint Vladimir I.
