It happened on this day, November 18
Events:
401 – The Visigoths, led by Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy.
1180 – Philip II becomes king of France.
1307 – According to legend, William Tell knocked the apple off his son's head.
1494 – French King Charles VIII occupies Florence.
1601 – The Ottomans defeat the German army after the Germans besiege them at Qanija.
1626 – Pope Urban VIII officially inaugurates St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.
1930 – Founding of the Soka Gakkai, a Japanese religious group following Buddhism.
1935 – The League of Nations imposes sanctions on Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
1963 – Abdel Salam Arif stages a coup against his ruling partner, the Arab socialist Baath Party, eliminating the National Guard and expelling Baathists from the government.
1970 – The leaders of the Corrective Movement in Syria appoint Ahmed Al-Hassan Al-Khatib as President of the Republic, succeeding Nour Al-Din Al-Atassi in this position.
1978 – A mass suicide in Jonestown, United States, leaves 913 bodies, including more than 200 children, in an incident considered the largest mass suicide in history.
1987 – A fire in the London Underground leaves hundreds dead and injured.
1991 – The Church's envoy to Lebanon, Terry White, kidnapped in Beirut since 1986, is released.
1993 – South Africa's apartheid government agrees with Nelson Mandela and his colleagues on a transitional constitution.
2002 – UN weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix arrive in Iraq.
2004 – Israeli forces kill 3 Egyptian soldiers on the Egypt-Gaza Strip border.
2009 – The Algerian team defeated the Egyptian team in a playoff match to determine qualification for the World Cup, hosted in Sudan.
2012 – Pope Tawadros II is named Pope of Alexandria, Patriarch of the See of Mark, and Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
2013 – NASA launches the MAVEN probe to Mars.
2019 – The US House of Representatives votes by majority to begin impeachment proceedings against US President Donald Trump for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.
2020 Opening of the land border post called Jdeideh – Arar, between Saudi Arabia and Iraq, after 30 years of closure.
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Births:
709 – Kōnin, Japanese emperor.
1787 – Louis Daguerre, French chemist and photographer.
1908 – Mustafa Mesbahzadeh, Iranian jurist, economist and journalist.
1920 – Mustafa Khalil, Prime Minister of Egypt.
1925 – Abbas al-Tarjuman, Iraqi-Iranian poet, translator and university professor.
1940 – Qaboos bin Said, eighth Sultan of Oman.
1944 – Hossein Ansarian, Iranian jurist, philosopher, writer and orator.
1949 – Ahmed Zaki, Egyptian actor.
1957 – Enas Abdullah, Egyptian actress.
1963 – Yousef Al-Thunayan, Saudi footballer.
1966 – Nawal, Kuwaiti singer.
1969 – Ahmed Helmy, Egyptian actor.
1976 – Mona Zaki, Egyptian actress.
1978 – Marwa Abdel Moneim, Egyptian actress.
1984 – Nayantara, Indian actress.
** Amani Al-Balushi, Kuwaiti broadcaster.
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Death:
1092 – Jalal al-Dawla Malik Shah, Seljuk sultan.
1482 – Kedik Ahmed Pasha, Ottoman politician and naval commander.
1758 – Ali bin Khalifa, Tunisian jurist.
1886 – Chester Arthur, 21st President of the United States.
1917 – Jaime de Penis, Spanish diplomat.
1922 – Marcel Proust, French writer and novelist.
2005 – Hussein Al-Shafi'i, Vice President of the Egyptian Republic.
** Tahia Al-Ansari, Egyptian actress.
2008 – Abdel Baqi Al-Husseini, founder of the Ansar Al-Sunnah Muhammadiyah association in Egypt.
2010 – Abraham Serfati, Moroccan politician.
** Brian Marsden, British astronomer.
2015 – Ahmed Al-Lawzi, Jordanian politician.
** Abdel Hamid Aba Oud, a Belgian terrorist.
2017 – Walid Al-Momen, Kuwaiti broadcaster.
2019 – Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Representative of the President of the United Arab Emirates and former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⏪National holiday in the Sultanate of Oman.
⏪ Independence Day in Morocco.
⏪ Independence Day in Latvia.
