It happened on this day, November 19
Events:
636 – End of the Battle of Al-Qadisiyah with the victory of the Muslims over the Persians.
1095 – Pope Urban II convenes the “Council of Clermont” to discuss sending an expedition to the Holy Land.
1493 – Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Puerto Rico in the New World.
1816 – Foundation of the University of Warsaw.
1942 – The Soviet Red Army led by General Georgi Zhukov launches Operation Uranus, the operation that turns the tide of conflict at the Battle of Stalingrad.
1943 – The Nazis liquidate the Jews of the “Yanovska concentration camp” in Mberg, western Ukraine. At least 6,000 Jews are killed after a failed uprising and mass escape attempt.
1946 – Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.
1954 – Télévision Monte Carlo, the oldest private television channel in Europe, begins broadcasting. It was founded by Prince Rainier III.
1977 – Egyptian President Mohamed Anwar Sadat visits Israel and delivers a speech at the Knesset headquarters in Jerusalem.
1979 – Khomeini releases all African Americans detained at the American embassy.
1990 – Alija Izetbegovic assumes the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1993 – Jordan executes a 26-year-old woman for beating her husband and setting him on fire. This is the second time in Jordanian history that a woman has been executed.
1994 – The explosion of a bus at the “Dizengoff market” in Tel Aviv leaves 22 dead and 248 injured, and Hamas claims responsibility for the operation.
1995 – Attack on the Egyptian embassy in Pakistan, killing 17 people and injuring around 60 others.
1998 – The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins hearing testimony on the Lewinsky scandal involving President Bill Clinton.
2005 – Opening of the “Iraqi Reconciliation Conference” at the headquarters of the Arab League in Cairo, in the presence of Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, Prime Minister Ibrahim Al-Jaafari, representatives from all political sides, various religious and ethnic movements , and some figures in Iraq.
✴️ US Marine Corps soldiers commit massacre in the Iraqi town of Haditha.
2009 – Unveiling of the action plan for the coup operation in Türkiye.
2011 – The Libyan Transitional Council announces the arrest of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi near the town of Ubari in southern Libya.
✴️ Egyptian police forces forcibly dispersed a sit-in for families of those injured in the January 25 Revolution and some young people in Cairo's Tahrir Square. This was followed by clashes that lasted several days during the so-called Muhammad Mahmoud events. The events resulted in the deaths of 41 demonstrators and thousands of injuries.
2013 – A suicide attack targeted the Iranian embassy in Beirut, killing 23 people and injuring more than a hundred.
2020 – A redacted version of Brereton's war crimes report reveals Australian soldiers killed 39 civilians and prisoners during the war in Afghanistan.
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Births:
1503 – Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma.
1600 – King Charles I, king of England.
1711 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian writer.
1805 – Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat and owner of the Suez Canal digging project.
1831 – James Garfield, 20th President of the United States.
1882 – Izz al-Din al-Qassam, Muslim scholar and Syrian mujahid.
1887 – James Sumner, American chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946.
1890 – Hassan Al-Baroudi, Egyptian actor.
1896 – Rashid Yasemi, Iranian writer.
1899 – Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, Shiite religious authority.
1912 – George Ballad, American cell biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1974.
1915 – Earl Sutherland, American biochemist and pharmacist who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1971.
1917 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India.
1919 – Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian director.
1935 – Rashad Khalifa, American citizen of Egyptian origin who claimed prophethood and questioned the credibility of the Quran.
1936 – Yuan Zili, American chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1986.
1938 – Souad Makkawi, Egyptian actress and singer.
** Ted Turner, American businessman and founder of CNN.
1954 – Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, sixth president of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
1955 – Gloria Guida, Italian actress.
1958 – Charlie Kaufman, American director.
1961 – Meg Ryan, American actress.
1962 – Jodie Foster, American actress.
** Kirk Hammett, American guitarist and member of the group Metallica.
**Sean Parnell, American politician.
1963 – Habib Ghuloum, Emirati actor and director.
1965 – Laurent Blanc, French footballer and coach.
1969 – Shiro Hamagichi, Japanese composer.
1977 – Hina Rabbani Khar, Pakistani politician.
1981 – Mahmoud Bushehri, Iranian actor working in Kuwait.
1985 – Chris Eagles, English footballer.
1986 – Milan Smiljanic, Serbian footballer.
1987 – Silvia Soler Espinosa, Spanish tennis player.
1988 – Patrick Kane, American hockey player.
1989 – Tyga, American rapper.
1993 – Karim Frey, Swiss footballer.
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Death:
496 – Galileo I.
498 – Anastasius II, pope of the Catholic Church.
923 – Abu Bakr Al-Razi, Muslim scholar.
1492 – Abd al-Rahman al-Jami, Persian poet.
1665 – Nicolas Poussin, French painter.
1884 – Mohsen Al-Khudari, Iraqi poet.
1887 – Emma Lazarus, American poet.
1925 – Abdullah bin Ali Al Abdul Qadir, Shafi'ite jurist, judge, professor of religion and Saudi poet.
1969 – Camille Arambourg, French archaeologist.
1977 – Chester Arnold, American paleontologist and botanist.
1983 – Abdel Moneim Al-Fartusi, Muslim jurist and Iraqi poet.
2004 – John Robert Finn, English pharmacist who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1982.
2009 – Abdulaziz Al-Fahd, Kuwaiti actor.
2010 – Abdul Aziz Al-Douri, Iraqi historian.
2011 – Khairiya Ahmed, Egyptian actress.
2013 – Frederick Sanger, British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
2014 – Gholam Hossein Mazloumi, Iranian footballer.
** Mike Nichols, American director and producer.
2015 – Mal Whitfield, American runner.
2020 – Fayek Azab, Egyptian actor.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⬅️ International Men's Day.
⬅️ World Toilet Day.
