It happened on this day, November 9
Events:
1602 – The Bodley Library at the University of Oxford opens its doors to the public.
1620 – The Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, ends in a Catholic victory within two hours.
1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte seizes the French Revolution and installs himself as First Consul, and becomes the ruler of France.
1821 – Start of studies at the first specialized school of pharmacy, the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, in the United States.
1918 – Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after his country's defeat in World War I and Germany becomes a republic.
1935 – Japanese forces capture the city of Shanghai, China's most important port and main economic center.
1953 – Prince Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud takes over as ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia after the death of his father, King Abdulaziz Al Saud.
✴️ Declaration of independence of Cambodia, under French protection since 1863.
1961 – Neil Armstrong sets a speed record by piloting an X-15 to a speed of 6,587 km/h.
1964 – Kuwait forms the Supreme Defense Council and places it under the leadership of the Prime Minister.
1979 – Computers at Fort Ritchie, Maryland, detect a Soviet nuclear strike, but after reviewing satellite data and checking radars, the alert is canceled.
1985 – Soviet Garry Kasparov becomes the youngest world chess champion by defeating Anatoly Karpov.
1989 – Demolition of the Berlin Wall begins.
2003 – A terrorist attack in Riyadh kills 17 people.
2004 – Announcement that Palestinian National Authority President Yasser Arafat is suffering from a brain hemorrhage, and Palestinian leaders discuss his burial site in the event of his death.
✴️ Mozilla Firefox 1.0 was released, which became the biggest competitor to Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2005 – Terrorist attacks rocked hotels in the Jordanian capital, Amman.
✴️ Venus Express launches to explore Venus.
2009 – Lebanese Prime Minister-designate Saad al-Din Hariri announces the formation of the new Lebanese government composed of thirty ministers, after months of disagreements and arduous negotiations between the parliamentary majority and the opposition.
2011 – Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou resigns due to the widespread financial crisis, which he feared would lead to the country's bankruptcy, in an attempt to form a government of political consensus.
2012 – The General Secretariat of the Syrian National Council elects George Sabra as president of the Council, succeeding Abdel Basset Sayeda.
2015 – A Jordanian police officer opened fire on trainees at a Jordanian police training center and killed 6 people, including two Americans.
2016 – Republican candidate Donald Trump wins the US presidential election after winning 51.3% of the electoral college vote against his Democratic rival, Hillary Clinton.
✴️ 7 people died and 58 others were injured following the derailment of a Croydon tram near London.
2018 – Tunisian Esperance wins the 2018 CAF Champions League title after defeating Egypt's Al-Ahly with a score of 4-3 on aggregate.
2020 – Azerbaijan and Armenia reach a ceasefire agreement in Nagorno-Karabakh, sponsored by Russia.
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Births:
1809 – Thomas Wright, Scottish archaeologist.
1818 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer.
1841 – King Edward VII, king of the United Kingdom.
1877 – Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistani poet.
1884 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist and psychometrician.
1897 – Ronald Norrish, British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967.
1910 – Abu Al-Saud Al-Ebiary, Egyptian author.
1916 – Fernando Fernández, Mexican singer and actor.
1918 – Spiro Agnew, American politician.
** Zhu Mingzhen, Chinese paleontologist.
1929 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian novelist who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2002.
1933 – Hamdi Ahmed, Egyptian actor.
1936 – Bob Graham, American politician.
** Mikhail Tal, Soviet chess player
1944 – Herbert Wimmer, German footballer.
1948 – Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian football coach.
1960 – Andreas Brehme, German footballer and coach.
1971 – Iyad Nassar, Jordanian actor.
1972 – Eric Dean, American actor.
1973: Zisis Fryzas, Greek footballer.
1974 – Alessandro Del Piero, Italian footballer.
** Giovanna Mezzogiorno, Italian actress.
1980 – James Harper, English footballer.
1984 – Delta Goodrem, Australian singer.
1985 – Bakary Soumaré, Malian footballer.
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Death:
1778 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian architect.
1923 – Kadhim Al-Sabti, Iraqi Muslim jurist, poet and orator.
1937 – Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1940 – Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1952 – Chaim Weizman, president of Israel.
1953 – King Abdulaziz Al Saud, founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
1968 – Hassan Hosni Abdel Wahhab, Tunisian writer, linguist and historian.
1970 – Charles de Gaulle, president of France.
2001 – Hussein Al-Saleh, Kuwaiti actor and director.
**Giovanni Leoni, sixth president of Italy.
2004 – Emlyn Hughes, English footballer and coach.
2005K. R. Narayanan, President of India.
** Bashir Nafi, Palestinian soldier.
2011 – Mansour Al-Mansour, Kuwaiti actor and director.
2012 – Jaber Qamiha, Egyptian poet and writer.
2013 – Grete Ritter Hassell, Norwegian biologist and academic.
2014 – Saleh Sahloul, Yemeni poet and writer.
2019 – Nayef Abu Obaid, Jordanian poet.
2021 – Ahmed Khalil, Egyptian actor.
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Holidays and Occasions:
⬅️ Independence Day in Cambodia.
⬅️ Allama Iqbal Day in Pakistan.
⬅️ Inventors’ Day in Europe.
