It happened on this day, October 4
Events:
2 BC – Mark Antony and Octavian win the “Battle of Philippi” and rule the Roman Empire.
1227 – Assassination of Almohad Caliph Abdullah Al-Adil.
1295 – The Mongol Ilkhan Baidu bin Tarqai is killed by Prince Nawruz on the orders of Mahmoud Ghazan.
1511 – Formation of the Holy League between Fernando II, the Papal State and the Republic of Venice against France.
1824 – Declaration of establishment of the Republic in Mexico.
1830 – Belgium declares its independence from the Netherlands.
1853 – Start of the Crimean War between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.
1920 – Foundation of the Tunisian African Club.
1921 – The League of Nations decides not to help Russia cope with the famine it faces due to the deterioration of the economy and the drought which hits large areas, in response to the seizure of power by the communists.
1925 – Revolution in Hama against the French occupation led by Fawzi Al-Qawuqji. Syrian revolutionaries take control of the city, which is then the third largest city in Syria.
1946 – US President Harry Truman asks the United Kingdom to once again allow Jewish immigration to Palestine.
1957 – The Soviet Union launches the world's first satellite, Sputnik-1.
1958 – The Constitution of the Fifth Republic in France is announced, which is approved by more than 79% of French people in a referendum.
1959 – The Soviet Luna 3 probe takes three photos of the far side of the Moon.
1962 – Al-Hassan bin Yahya Hamid Al-Din forms a government in Saada to resist the coup of Colonel Abdullah Al-Sallal, which overthrew the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.
1963 – Iraq officially recognizes Kuwait's independence and sovereignty over its lands.
1966 – Independence of Lesotho from the United Kingdom.
1967 – Sultan of Brunei Omar Safi al-Din III abdicates the throne in favor of his son, Hassanal Bolkiah.
1969 – The People's Republic of China announces that it has carried out two nuclear tests.
1978 – Migration of Imam Khomeini from Iraq to Kuwait.
1990 – The German Parliament holds its first meeting after the reunification of Germany.
1993 – The Russian army fires cannons on the headquarters of the Russian Parliament and arrests its leaders.
1994 – An Israeli transport plane crashed into a residential area of Amsterdam, Netherlands, carrying its cargo of chemicals that make up toxic sarin gas. The accident killed 48 people and caused unspecified damage.
1999 – Ahmed Al-Baghdadi, a professor at Kuwait University, was sentenced to one month in prison for challenging the principles of Islamic law. The Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, pardoned him before serving his prison sentence.
2001 – NATO grants the United States the right to use the airspace and ports of its member states and agrees to deploy early warning ships in the war on terrorism.
2012 – King Abdullah II of Jordan issues a royal decree dissolving parliament and calling for early legislative elections before the end of 2012.
2016 – David Thewlis, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz are announced winners of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on phase transitions and topological phases of matter.
2017 – Jacques Dubuchet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson win the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research in the field of ultra-cold electron microscopy.
2021 – Global technical paralysis of the Internet, including Facebook applications.
✴️ American scientists Ardem Patapoutyan and David Julius received the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
✴️ Fumio Kishida is elected Prime Minister of Japan.
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫A
Births:
1136 – Abdel Moneim Al-Jaliani, Andalusian doctor and writer.
1550 – King Carl IX, king of Sweden.
1720 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian architect.
1787 – François Guizot, French politician and historian.
1822 – Rutherford Hayes, nineteenth president of the United States.
1841 – Prudent de Moraes, third president of Brazil.
1881 – Walter von Brauchitsch, German soldier.
1895 – Buster Keaton, American actor and director.
1902 – Francisco Tamayo Tepes, Venezuelan botanist.
1903 – Ernst Kaltenbrunner, German soldier.
1916 – Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.
1918 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1981.
1923 – Charlton Heston, American actor.
1928 – Alvin Toffler, American writer and thinker.
1931 – Richard Rorty, American philosopher.
1933 – Gerry Somers, English footballer and manager.
1938 – Kurt Wütterich, Swiss chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002.
1940 – Shams Al-Baroudi, Egyptian actress.
1941 – Anne Rice, American writer.
1942 – Jóhanna Sigurdóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland.
1943 – Florin Petis, Romanian actor and director.
1946 – Susan Sarandon, American actress.
**Mike Mullen, Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff.
1949 – Armand Assante, American actor.
1953 – Chucky Carrillo, French actor of Turkish origin.
1955 – Jorge Valdano, Argentine footballer.
1956 – Christoph Waltz, Austrian actor.
1961 – Kazeki Takahashi, Japanese mangaka.
1964 – Abdullah Farhat, Lebanese jurist, academic and politician.
1965 – Abdulaziz Al-Muslim, Kuwaiti actor.
1967 – Sabreen, Egyptian actress. Liev Schreiber, American actor.
1975 – Khaled Al-Buraiki, Saudi actor living in Kuwait.
** Cristiano Lucarelli, Italian footballer.
1976 – Alicia Silverstone, American actress.
** Mauro Camoranesi, Italian footballer.
1979 – Rachel Leigh Cook, American actress.
** Born Bhau, German tennis player.
1980 – Tomas Rosicky, Czech footballer.
1984 – Lena Katina, Russian singer.
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫A
Death:
1669 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter.
1747 – Amaro Rodriguez, Spanish pirate and merchant.
1904 – Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor who created the Statue of Liberty.
1911 – Muhammad Kadhim Al-Khorasani, known as “Akhund Al-Khorasani”, a Twelver Iranian Shia authority.
1944 – Al Smith, American politician.
1947 – Max Planck, German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1918.
1976 – Muhammad Taqi Al-Naysaburi, Iranian writer and poet.
1982 – Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, third president of Iraq.
2000 – Michael Smith, Canadian chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.
2002 – Abdul Mohsen Al-Rifai, Kuwaiti poet.
2007 – Major General Qasim Al-Nasser, Jordanian soldier.
2009 – Mercedes Sosa, Argentinian singer.
2010 – Norman Wisdom, British actor.
2013 – Vo Nguyen Giap, general and minister of defense of Vietnam.
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫A
Holidays and Occasions:
⬅️ World Animal Day.
⬅️ Independence Day in Lesotho.
⬅️ The start of World Space Week.
