It happened on this day, September 3rd.
Events:
1497 – Marriage of King Fernando II of the Kingdom of Aragon to Queen Isabella of the Kingdom of Castile.
1683 – Ottoman forces win a major victory at the “Battle of Vienna” when they manage to breach the defenses of the city, which was one of the most important European capitals.
1783 – The United States and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Paris, which marks the end of the American Revolutionary War, with the United Kingdom recognizing the independence of the thirteen American colonies.
1905 – Japan and Russia sign the “Treaty of Portsmouth”, ending the Russo-Japanese War.
1920 – The French Mandate authorities announce the creation of the “State of Damascus” and entrust its presidency to Haqqi al-Azm.
1925 – The first international handball match takes place.
1936 – The Battle of Bala'a breaks out between the Arab mujahideen and the British army, as part of the battles of the Palestinian revolution.
1937 – Assassination of extremist Rabbi “Gunstein” in the Old City of East Jerusalem.
1939 – The United Kingdom declares war on Germany in World War II.
1943 – Allied forces invade Italy during World War II. The Lehi Organization executes spy Israel Prinsker for selling information to British intelligence.
(1945–Japanese forces in the Philippines surrender to the Allies at the end of World War II
1967 – Sweden allows cars to drive on the right side of the street.
1971 – Qatar declares independence from the United Kingdom.
1981 – A car bomb explodes in Damascus outside the air force headquarters, killing 20 people and injuring at least 50 others.
✴️ Syrian authorities have blamed Iraq for the attack, and it appears that the Muslim Brotherhood's Fighting Vanguard organization is behind the attack.
1984 – A bomb explodes at a train station in Canada, killing and injuring 33 people.
1989 – A Brazilian airliner crashes, killing 54 people.
2004 – 200 hostages held at a school in southern Russia are killed after an attempted assault.
✴️ Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi agrees to pay $35 million in compensation to victims of German nightclub bombing in 1986.
2009 – It was announced that Ali Bongo Ondimba, son of the late leader Omar Bongo, had won Gabon's presidential elections after receiving 42% of the vote, amid protests from the opposition, who said the election had been rigged to secure the inheritance of power.
2012 – Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika appoints Abdelmalek Sellal as Prime Minister, succeeding Ahmed Ouyahia.
2013 – The Library of Birmingham, the UK’s largest municipal public library, opens.
2017 – North Korea conducts its sixth nuclear test.
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Births:
1750 – Jacques François Menou, French general.
1781 – Eugène de Beauharnais, French nobleman and son of Empress Josephine.
1856 – Louis Sullivan, American architect.
1869 – Fritz Briggle, Austrian chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923.
1875 – Ferdinand Porsche, German inventor and one of the founders of the automobile industry in Germany.
1877 – Mikhail Zalesky, Russian archaeologist.
1879 – Ali Al-Jishi, Saudi jurist, Sharia judge and poet.
1899 – Frank Macfarlane Burnett, Australian physician who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1960.
1900 – Urho Kekkonen, president of Finland.
1905 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936.
1926 – Irene Pappas, Greek actress and singer.
1936 – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia.
1938 – Talhat Hamdi, Syrian actor. Ryoji Noyori, Japanese chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001.
1939 – Qassem Jadayen, Moroccan journalist.
1951 – Maithripala Sirisena, seventh President of Sri Lanka.
1964 – Holt McCallany, American actor.
1965 – Charlie Sheen, American actor.
1971 – Sherwit Adel, Egyptian film director.
** Kiran Desai, Indian writer.
1974 – Zeina Zarfaf, Syrian actress.
1977 – Olof Melberg, Swedish footballer.
** Rui Marquez, Angolan footballer.
1979 – Julio Cesar, Brazilian footballer.
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Death:
1402 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of the Duchy of Milan.
1651 – Sultana Kösem, wife of Sultan Ahmed I and holder of the title of Sultana Mother.
1658 – Oliver Cromwell, English military leader and politician.
1948 – Eduard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia.
1984 – Abdul Latif Al-Mallouhi, Syrian poet.
1994 – Billy Wright, English footballer and manager.
2006 – Abdullah Al-Mutawa, Kuwaiti Islamic preacher.
2009 – Ahmed Qaddour Dogan, Syrian poet.
2012 – Mahmoud El Gohary, Egyptian footballer and coach.
** Michael Clarke Duncan, American actor.
2014 – Abu Al-Ezz Al-Hariri, Egyptian politician.
2018 – Khalil Al-Qari, Muslim scholar and Sheikh of the Imams of the Two Holy Mosques.
** Jalaluddin Haqqani is an Afghan Muslim military leader, mujahideen and scholar.
2021 – Muhammad Saeed Al-Hakim, an Iraqi Shiite authority.
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Public holidays and occasions:
⬅️ Independence Day in Qatar.
⬅️ Armed Forces Day in China and Taiwan.
⬅️ Flag Day in Australia.
⬅️ Foundation Day in San Marino.
⬅️ Liberation Day in Monaco.
