It happened on this day, September 8th.
Events:
1380 – The Russians, led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow, inflict a crushing defeat on a mixed Tatar-Mongol army at the Battle of Kulikovo, marking the beginning of the collapse of the Tatar state in Central Asia.
1760 – English General Geoffrey Amherst successfully inflicts a military defeat on French forces in Canada, forcing France to cede the city of Montreal, Canada's most important city, to the United Kingdom.
1937 – Syria hosts an Arab conference to discuss the Palestine question in light of increasing Jewish immigration under the auspices of the United Kingdom, which had been granted the Palestine Mandate.
1941 – The Nazi siege of the Soviet city of Leningrad begins during World War II.
1943 – Italy announces its unconditional surrender in World War II.
1944 – London is bombed with a “V2 missile” for the first time in World War II.
(1945–American forces arrive to locate the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at the start of the Cold War
1949 – Leader Habib Bourguiba returns to Tunisia after a four-and-a-half-year absence in Egypt.
1954 – The Southeast Asia Treaty is signed in Manila between the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Thailand and the Philippines.
1974 – U.S. President Gerald Ford pardons former President Richard Nixon for the Watergate scandal.
1978 – Pahlavi government forces opened fire on demonstrators protesting against the rule of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, known as Black Friday in Iran, resulting in the deaths of approximately 88 people. This event is considered a pivotal event during the Iranian Islamic Revolution.
1980 – Libyan President Muammar Gaddafi and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad begin unification talks between their countries in Tripoli.
1986 – The first talk show hosted by Oprah Winfrey begins.
1991 – The Republic of Macedonia declares independence from Yugoslavia.
2007 – A suicide bombing against a military barracks in Algeria kills 30.
2016 – NASA announces the launch of the OSIRIS-REx probe toward asteroid 101955 Bennu, with the expectation that it will reach it within a year.
2018 and returns with materials to study by 2023.
2018 – Naomi Osaka of Japan wins the US Open tennis championship against American rival Serena Williams, becoming the first Japanese woman to win a major tennis tournament.
✴️ The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' aerospace force targeted the headquarters of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, an Iranian Kurdish opposition movement, with seven Fateh 110 short-range surface-to-surface missiles in the Iraqi city of Koy Sanjak in the Kurdistan region in retaliation for what it described as “acts of sabotage and terrorism” by the movement in Iranian border areas.
2021 – The National Rally of Liberals, led by Aziz Akhannouch, wins a majority in the Moroccan legislative elections.
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Births:
828 – Imam Ali bin Muhammad Al-Hadi, the tenth Imam of the Twelver Shiites.
1157 – King Richard I, King of England.
1588 – Marine Mersenne, French mathematician.
1779 – Sultan Mustafa IV, Ottoman sultan.
1830 – Frédéric Mistral, French writer and poet who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1904.
1841 – Antonin Dvořák, Czech composer.
1857 – Georg Michael, Chancellor of Germany.
1897 – Jimmy Rogers, American singer.
1901 – Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa.
1918 – Derek Harold Barton, British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1969.
1944 – Ali Benflis, Prime Minister of Algeria.
1946 – Awatif Naeem, Iraqi actress. Halil Ergun, Turkish actor.
1952 – Takaya Hashi, Japanese voice actor.
1969 – Gary Speed, Welsh football player and manager.
1970 – Motoko Komai, Japanese actress.
1972 – Tomokazu Sukei, Japanese voice actor.
1973 – Khamis Al-Owairan, Saudi footballer.
1974 – Nobuyuki Kobushi, Japanese voice actor.
1977 – Asami Sanada, Japanese actress.
1978 – Gérard Otet, Spanish footballer.
1979 – Pink, American singer.
1981 – Morten Pedersen, Norwegian footballer. Jonathan Taylor Thomas, American actor.
1983 – Diego Benaglio, Swiss footballer.
1986 – Joao Moutinho, Portuguese footballer.
1989 – Avicii, Swedish DJ and remixer.
1991 – Park So Dam, South Korean actress.
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Death:
1294 – Abdul Karim Ibn Tawoos, Iraqi jurist, genealogist and writer.
1304 – Abd al-Karim bin Ali, Ibn Bint al-Iraqi, an Egyptian Muslim scholar.
1645 – Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer.
1894 – Hermann von Helmholtz, German physicist.
1933 – King Faisal I, King of the Kingdom of Iraq.
1949 – Richard Strauss, Austrian musician.
1965 – Hermann Staudinger, German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1953.
1969 – Abdul Qadir Al-Khatib, Iraqi religious scholar and jurist.
1980 – Willard Libby, American chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960.
1981 – Yukawa Hideki, Japanese physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949.
1983 – Lieutenant General Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan.
1985 – John Enders, American physician who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1954.
1993 – Zaki Naguib Mahmoud, Egyptian philosopher.
2009 – Aage Bohr, Danish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975.
2010 – Yisrael Tal, Israeli soldier.
2011 – Ahmed Bazia Al-Yassin, Kuwaiti businessman.
2012 – Sami Ihsan, Saudi composer.
2018 – Adel Al-Bakri, Iraqi doctor, poet and writer.
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Public holidays and occasions:
⬅️ World Fundraising Day.
⬅️National holiday in North Korea.
⬅️ National Day in Andorra.
⬅️ Independence Day in North Macedonia.
⬅️ Navy Day in Pakistan.
