Negotiation is the art of the possible with those we hate, and seeking perfection with those we love (9) ✍️ Ali Al-Fateh Al-Zubair
*The solution begins when we understand the problem*…
In connection with the above,,,
We search together in the pages of history, and through the great efforts of an elite group of researchers, interested people and scholars, the historical facts that have not been published, or have been published on a limited scale, or have been published. intended to be hidden, and their features obscured until the minds are absent for a while, this lasts for tens, hundreds, or even thousands of years, denying it to generations and countries seeking liberation and development and moving away from the paths of dependence. exploitation and tyranny.
Slavery, by evil global entities and blocs, has not escaped our political, economic and social reality…
Today, in this article, we review a number of contributions by Professor, researcher and engineer Tariq Antar, with the proviso that we dedicate a later part of this recovery and memory to the Sinarian State, God willing.
In this article, we will return together, starting with the invasion of the Abyssinians in Meroe by King Ezana, ruler of the Kingdom of Axum, who hastened the fall of the Kingdom of Kush after he had lived for more than a thousand years. Thus, Nubia witnessed the rise of three Christian kingdoms: Nobatia, Makuria and Alwa.
After the fall of the three Nubian kingdoms, Nubia was divided into the northern half, conquered by the Ottomans, and the southern half, conquered by the Sultanate of Sennar. In the 16th century, Nubia was again unified by.
Muhammad Ali Pasha, governor of Egypt in the 19th century. Today, the region of modern Nubia is divided between Egypt and Sudan.
The archaeological science that studies ancient Nubia is called archaeology.
National narratives unanimously agree on the end of the Alwa kingdom in the 15th century AD and the 10th century AH at the hands of a group of Arabs and Funj. This means that the Arabs overthrew the kingdom thanks to their numerical superiority, including them and their allies, or that the conditions of this kingdom were so degenerate that it was unable to confront these tribes.
Add to this the formation of internal conflicts (as happened and is happening in our time) and the components of different races that appeared with the colonial campaigns inside and constituted the most important main reasons for the fall of the Christian kingdoms, especially Makuria…, and the same thing is happening now, of murders, looting and rape, of mass liquidations and population replacement.
The Nubian kingdoms, namely the kingdoms of Nubatia, Makuria and Alwa, continued to maintain civilization and security in Sudan until they were overthrown by the Turks in 1520 AD.
The attempts of the Arabs and the military attempts of the Mamluks and the countries before them who controlled Egypt and North Africa did not affect the independence and freedom of the Nubians until the Mamluks fell following their defeat by the Ottomans, who took control of Egypt in 1517 under the bloody reign of Selim I.
Selim came to the sultanate after a coup d'état he led against his father, “Bayezid II”, with the support of the Janissary mercenaries and the Khagan of Crimea, and he managed to support them by pursuing his brothers and their sons and eliminating them one by one, until there were no challengers left to his power.
The Ottomans fought with the Funj for the occupation of Nubia and bloody battles took place between them, ending with the victory of the Ottomans over the Funj. A peace treaty was concluded between them, according to which the city of Hanak became a separator between the Ottomans. Nubia and Funj Nubia These are the ruins of the kingdom of Alwa, which fell in 1504, and its capital, Soba, was destroyed by the Funj.
After gaining control and extending their influence, they made a profession of hunting people as slaves and trading them in all parts of Sudan and Eritrea.
For 300 years, from 1520 to 1820, Turkish scouts and their workers, including Kurds, Circassians, Albanians, Hungarians and others, uprooted the money, land, sons and daughters of the Nubians, sold them and named their offspring after the scout's name, or by sex, or with the name of the Turkish worker.
In other words, the collapse of Sudan began precisely in 1520, the date of the beginning of darkness, injustice and violence in Sudan.
I remember here what he said
Sudanese thinker Dr. John Garang de Mabior comments
What follows is the theme of reducing the history of Sudan to the events that followed the entry of the Arabs into Sudan (the Zarqa Sultanate and the emergence of the Sufi unions)… saying: “We are greater than that.” that..
,,,,,, To be continued, God willing,, If life has a remainder…
