The importance of learning from the Korean model of management experience in Sudan ✍️ Professor: Fikri Kabbashi, Al-Amin Al-Arabi
South Korea emerged economically and politically collapsed from the Korean Civil War that took place between 1950 and 1953 AD and achieved what is called the (economic miracle). The rapid progress attracted the attention of economists and administrators in South Korea and abroad to discover the motivations and reasons for the success of Korean companies run according to an administrative doctrine and cultural values influenced by Japanese work methods and systems. and the American administrative system.
South Korea and Japan share many cultural characteristics that are the result of Chinese influence in both countries in the past. Both Koreans and Japanese view their internal affairs and relations with the outside world from the perspective of Chinese philosophy, especially Confucianism. In addition, the Japanese administrative system was applied in Korea during the period of Japanese occupation of the Korean Peninsula, which lasted from 1910 until the end of World War II. During this period, Japanese administration left its mark on Korean administration, and despite the similarity of the latter with the Japanese administrative system, there are differences between the two systems. The most important characteristics of Korean administration will be introduced, which are as follows:
1. The dominance of Confucian ethics at work:
The relationship between the boss and the subordinate, according to Confucian culture, is governed by the principles of justice and ethics, and these principles affect organizational and administrative behavior. It also affects the communication and social relationships of individuals. It is observed that the subordinate shows great loyalty to the president or the organization. In return, the boss treats the subordinate well and tries to help him.
2. Family values:
In light of the dominance of Confucian cultural principles, the relationships between family members depend on the role of the father, as he is the only authority in the family. When the father is strong, it leads to creating balance and harmony among family members. Such a relationship applies to Korean organizations. The owner or proprietor of the organization is considered a father, and the subordinate must obey, respect, and trust him, and the owner or boss must meet the demands of the subordinates.
3. The spirit of individuality:
The spirit of collectivism or team is a strong slogan in the Korean administration, where emphasis is placed on working within a strong team. Despite this, Korean organizations do not neglect the individual spirit, convinced of its importance in creativity and in its ability to achieve set goals.
4. Personnel management systems:
There are some features that distinguish personnel management systems in Korean organizations, and these features stem from Korean culture and genes. For example, salary and reward systems are mainly based on seniority. But with the growth of organizations and the advancement of their administrative systems, these organizations have begun to consider performance when making decisions related to salaries and rewards, and the promotion of workers in operational administration mainly depends on seniority. This is in contrast to the top management level, where managers are promoted and rewarded based on their performance.
It is certainly not possible to reproduce the experiences of the countries in their entirety. The circumstances in which Korea developed and its geographical location make the Korean experience a unique and special experience for the Korean people. However, this does not prevent us from drawing some lessons and lessons that could be useful to the State of Sudan, which has failed to achieve a comprehensive renaissance despite the availability of enormous natural and financial resources and is in a better position than Korea after the Korean War. War. The most important lessons are summarized as follows:
1. The role of the state: The state played an important and positive role in the process of economic development. It is worth noting that the interventions were based on strong and stable political will and adopted long-term comprehensive strategic planning and sound development policies tailored to Korean reality. The state also believed that economic development would help it strengthen its strength to face the threat from the North and not repeat the experience of Japanese colonialism.
2. Close cooperation between the public and private sectors:
The Korean experience showed that the government was able to reduce coordination problems between itself and the private sector and that it was able, through the relationships that bureaucrats established with large companies and banks, to obtain the information needed to make investment decisions and direct resources to sectors that could contribute effectively to economic growth.
3. Scientific research:
Korea has passed many laws to encourage scientific research and established many offices and organizations to coordinate research. The private and public sectors have spent enormous financial resources to bridge the gap between Korea and developed countries. Korea has sought further progress, especially in the fields of information technology and biotechnology, to maintain its position as a technological power.
4. Invest in the human element:
The Korean experience has proven that developing the people's capabilities through education and training is necessary to create the conditions for keeping pace with developments, being competitive and improving productivity, which contributes decisively to development.
5. Exploiting international circumstances:
Korea found itself caught in the ongoing conflict between the West and the East, and thus exploited its alliance with the United States to achieve economic development as part of building its global power and political, economic, technological and industrial independence.
In conclusion, it can be said that the Korean experience, whether in terms of progress or in terms of reconstruction after a devastating war, was a success, but it was not ideal, and it should therefore be noted that the increasing dependence on giant companies led to the latter's domination and monopoly over all activities to the detriment of small businesses. Korea's development policies also led to a major imbalance in development between Seoul and other regions, as well as a great disparity in the benefits of development opportunities between the poor and rich classes. This took a heavy toll on the working class in the early years, as they were deprived of almost all their rights. But despite this, the Korean experience remains an example that proves that political will, sound and long-term planning, and good use of resources, and above all, from self-criticism and self-development of local values and culture, can enable the Sudanese people, if inspired by the Korean experience, to rise and assume a position worthy of their history. Their ancient civilization is expressed in testimonies discovered in many regions, starting from the north of Sudan and extending to all regions of the country.
