The importance of the impact of public policies on state performance in Sudan ✍️ Professor: Fikri Kabashi Al-Amin
The study of public policy is one of the relatively recent trends in the comparative studies of political and political systems. It reveals the political system in motion and focuses on its results. The importance of public policy analysis from an academic perspective is that it helps to understand the dynamics of the political system and the forces that affect it and allows one to study the capabilities of political systems and their impact on meeting the needs of target groups. Furthermore, the concept of public policy appeared as a concept in political science in the early 1950s, and the first to use it was the American scientist Harold La Swell. These sciences generally deal with subjects related to major decision-making processes concerning public order.
Given the emergence of an interest in public policy, we find that traditional interest in political science was focused on the institutional structure of government and the philosophical justification for its existence. With the development of political science after World War II, attention shifted from institutions to processes and behaviors, which involved studying the social and psychological foundations of individual and collective behavior and patterns of behavior of political actors, under the influence of post-behavioral behavior. movement, which oriented researchers towards contributing to solving society's problems through scientific research. We note that political science has devoted much space in recent years to public policy, its types, its content, its preparation, its implementation and its evaluation in the light of its expectations and evaluation. unexpected effects on society and the political system.
Interest in public policy analysis has led to significant changes in what political scientists rely on.
The first: it shifts attention from inputs to outputs. The second: it moves the analysis from the macro-political level to the micro-political level.
Public policy is known in English as (Public Policy), and it is a specific system that the local government of the country seeks to implement and verify the commitment of everyone to it, that they are individuals or institutions. a government work program that contains a set of rules that the government undertakes to implement in society, as well as other definitions of public policy: it is a set of intellectual trends that the government seeks to implement its own objective, relying on a set of means and tools, and public policy may include the provision of a set of public benefits, such as: providing suitable means of transport , which helps provide many services to the community.
The emergence of public policy has been associated with the beginning of the emergence of states and the governmental system which depends on the role of government institutions in implementing policy, especially after the end of World War II and the acquisition of independence by many countries, and this helped provide a set of strategies that helped successfully implement government plans, which focused on the role of government in building a civilized society which provides the basis for a decent life for individuals, and the most important characteristics of public policies are:
1. Achieve popular interest; Public policy aims to ensure that the interests of citizens are achieved in a way that meets their needs and preserves their rights. Therefore, public policy is not limited to a specific group of individuals, but rather includes all groups in society.
2. Public policy depends on a set of well-studied procedures that contribute to the implementation of all its objectives.
3. Public policy uses a combination of human, natural and industrial resources, which help ensure that desired outcomes are successfully achieved.
4. Public policy involves bringing together all government institutions and assigning to each of them a set of tasks and functions that contribute to the successful implementation of public policy.
Therefore, each public policy objective depends on a set of standards, which provide the appropriate tools to achieve the objectives in a correct manner. Public policy is applied in stages, which are as follows:
1. Define public policy: It is the first stage of public policy, in which the nature of public policy that will be applied in a society is determined, based on the link between political projects written on paper, the resources available for their implementation. , and the general reality of society.
2. Development of a public policy: it is the use of the appropriate political plan to implement it, taking advantage of the available resources, formulating a set of expectations and possibilities that help to build a public policy of correct way.
4. Implementation of public policies: This is the effective implementation of public policies in society, which includes the implementation of all possibilities consistent with general political thinking.
5. Monitoring and evaluation of public policy: It is the last stage of the stages of public policy, which depends on ensuring the implementation of public policy and finding solutions to possible errors that may arise during of the implementation process.
It is very important to note that the State of Sudan must feel the importance of studying public policies, as in the rest of the developing countries, where its methodology is of great importance, because the definition of public policy almost coincides with the activity of the state due to the fundamental role that the state plays in society, and Sudan has a greater need for the methodological methods provided by the science of public policies and the technical methods associated with these studies. The state's need for long-term strategic planning, the fundamental role of government and public policies in the management of community affairs and the scarcity of economic resources mean that spending in one area comes at the expense of satisfaction other basic needs which may be equally important. or bigger. This affected the question of the legitimacy of the regime.
According to the approach on which the scientific study of politics is based, coordination and integration between various organizations and activities, which are things related to a specific stage of social progress, is assumed. Such a study also requires that the society has a democratic political culture. allows the exchange of points of view, respect for divergent interests and the acceptance of unconventional solutions. It was therefore necessary to focus on spreading this democratic culture in word and practice on the ground before starting implementation.
Teacher. Dr. Fikri Kabashi Al-Amin
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